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TREASURY DEPARTMENT 
UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 

HUGH S. GUMMING, Surgeon General 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF 
SCHOOL CHILDREN 

A STUDY OF THE HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF 14,335 

NATIVE WHITE SCHOOL CHILDREN IN MARYLAND, 

VIRGINIA, AND NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA 



BY 

TALIAFERRO CLARK 

Surgeon 

EDGAR SYDENSTRICKER 

Statistician 
AND 

SELWYN D. COLLINS 

Assistant Statistician 
United States Public Health Service 



REPRINT No. 750 

FROM THE 

PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS 

Mat 19, 1922 
(Pages 1185-1207) 



^^ 



-Lt^f^^^ 




WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1922 



I i 



ADDITIONAL COPIES 

OF THIS PUBLICATION MAT BE PROCURED FROM 

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NOV231922 ! 

DOCUMeNTS DlViSi). ^ 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 

A Study of the Heights and Weights of 14,335 Native White School Children in 
Maryland, Virginia, and North and South Carolina.' 

By Taliaferro Clark, Surgeon; Edgar Sydenstricker, Statistician; ' and Selwyn D. Collins, 
Assistant Statistician, United States Public Health Service. 

Introductory. 

A number of so-called standards of the physical development of 
children are in more or less general use in this country, largely for 
determining the state of nutrition. For the most part these standards 
represent averages of measurements made by different observers in 
widely separated communities, without reference to racial stock or 
geographical distribution. For purposes of comparison and in order 
to present anthropometrical observations for groups that are fairly 
homogeneous with respect to race stock and geographic location in 
the United States, selections of records were made from a consider- 
ably larger amount of material collected in a series of field investi- 
gations in child hygiene by Public Health Service officers during the 
last six years. 

The present study deals with 14,335 white children of native parent- 
age in representative localities in Maryland, Virginia, and North and 
South Carolina. The observations are confined to children actually 
attending school, ranging in age from 6 to 16 years, inclusive. While 
in every case a somewhat intensive physical examination (and for a 
considerable proportion, mental examination) was made, all children 
regardless of their physical or mental status, were included. The 
observations, therefore, may be said to be of a typical school popu- 
lation within the racial and geographical limits mentioned; they in- 
clude the handicapped individuals, as far as handicapped individuals 
were found attending school, as well as the probable normal. 

A considerable variety of anthropometrical records was collected 
for each individual in addition to records of physical defects and men- 
tal status. The present study, however, is confined to observations 
on standing height and weight. The presentation of the other data 
is reserved for later publications. 

I From Field Investigations in Child Hygiene, United States PubUc Health Service, in cooperation 
with the Statistical Office, United States PubUc Health Service. Reprint from the Pubhc Health Re- 
ports, vol. 37, No. 20, May 19, 1922, pp. 1185^1207. 

1 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 



SCOPE OF THE STUDY. 

A statistical study of the height and weight records of the 14,335 
children was made along the following lines: 

1. A series of comparisons of the mean heights and weights at dif- 
ferent ages for the two sexes for the purposes (a) of discovering such 
differences as might exist at various ages between boys and girls with 
respect to height, weight, and the relation of weight to height; and 
(&) of observing the rates of growth in these respects during the period 
of 6-16 years. 

2. The degree of variation in heights and weights at each age for 
either sex in terms of the standard deviation and the coefficient of 
variability. 

3. The degree of correlation between the heights and weights of 
individuals of either sex at each age, using the correlation coefficient 
and ratio and regression coefficient as expressions of the relation. 

4. The construction of a table of heights and weights according to 
single years of age for boys and for girls of the particular racial group 
and geographical section selected. 

The detailed data and certain statistical constants derived there- 
from are presented for reference in appended tables. 

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. 

Residential distribution. — The school children here considered were 
from various rural districts, small towns, and cities of moderate size 
in the four States mentioned. Their distribution according to locality 
is shown in Table I. 

Table I. — Distribution of 14,335 children observed for height and weight according to 

locality of residence. 



Name of locality. 


Nature of locality with approximate pop- 
ulation of urban localities. 


Number of 
children 
observed. 


Frederick County, Md 

Petersburg, Va. . . 


Rural, village, and Frederick, town 

(10,000). 
City (30,000) 


4,348 

1,748 
1,153 
3,822 
2,562 
702 




Town (6,000) 


Charlotte, N. C 


City (45,000) 


Spartanburg, S. C 


City (20,000) and near-by mill villages... 
City (20,000) 









It is believed that these localities are fairly representative of the 
section included within the four States. As mentioned above, in 
order to exclude differences in race stock as far as possible, except in 
so far as native-born persons in this section are affected by them, the 
14,335 individuals selected are of native-born white parentage. 

Sex and age distribution. — ^The sex and age distribution of the 
children are shown in Table II. 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 3 

Table II. — Distribution according to sex and age of 14,335 native white children observed 
for weight and height in certain localities in Maryland, Virginia, North and South 
Carolina. 



Age at nearest birth- 
day (years). 


Number. 


Per cent. 


Boys. 


Girls. 


Boys. 


Girls. 




7,132 

380 
745 
904 
8S9 
973 
871 
781 
679 
471 
278 
161 


7,203 

353 
735 
854 
900 
936 
847 
805 
695 
528 
331 
219 


100.0 

5.3 
10.4 
12.7 
12.5 
13.6 
12.2 
11.0 
9.5 
6.6 
3.9 
2.3 


100.0 

4.9 
10.2 
11.9 
12.5 
13.0 
11.8 
11.2 
9.6 
7.3 
4.6 
3.0 


6 


7. 


8 


9. 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15.. . 


16 





Tlie age at nearest birthday is employed in this study. 

The distribution according to age is quite similar for the two sexes, 
although, as was expected, a slight preponderance of girls is to be 
noted at the ages 14 to 16, inclusive, because of the greater tendency 
on the part of older boys to quit school. 

For both sexes the numbers observed at the ages of 6 to 14, inclu- 
sive, are sufficiently large to constitute reasonably fair samples of 
the population of this section. Less dependence can be placed on 
the representativeness of the data for the ages 15 and 16 because of 
the relatively small numbers of children comprising these age groups. 
This should be borne in mind when certain irregularities appear in 
the analysis which seem to be peculiar to the ages named. ^ 

I. Mean Heights and Weights. 

The measurements of children considered in this study were all 
made by medical officers of the United States Public Health Service 
in the schools of the various localities included. The children were 
measured as they were dressed, and in shoes except when the child 
was attending school barefooted. Weights were taken with wraps 
and heavy coats removed, leaving only the ordinary indoor clothing. 

The measurements are so classified that the mid-points of imit 
classes fall on the even inch and the even pound. 

MEAN HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF BOYS AND GIRLS AT DIFFERENT AGES. 

The basis for the first series of comparisons is given in the table of 
mean (arithmetic average) heights and weights ^ (Table III) . 

2 The probable errors of the mean heights and weights at each age are given in appendix. Table XXI. 

^ The mean rather than the median or modal heights and weights have been used for the reason that the 
means appear to be satisfactory expressions. The modes are difficult to define in some instances because 
of somewhat irregular distributions due to small numbers. The medians are in all instances somewhat 
lower than the means, but their variations are similar in all essential respects to those of the means. (See 
appendix, Table XXl.) Furthermore, the means are more useful in comparing our results with those of 
other studies, and are more desirable in expressing degrees of dispersion and correlation. 



4 HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 

Table III. — Mean heights and weights of 14,SS5 native white children in Maryland, 
Virginia, North ana South Carolina, at each age, compared for boys andgirls.^ 



Age at nearest birth- 
day (years). 


Height (inches). 


Weight (pounds). 


Boys. 


Girls. 


Boys. 


Girls. 


6 


45.4 
46.8 
48.8 
50.7 
52.6 
54.3 
56.2 
58.0 
60.3 
62.9 
64.6 


44.8 
46.6 
48.5 
50.5 
52.5 
54.5 
57.0 
59.3 
61.1 
62.5 
63.3 


47.5 
50.4 
54.5 
59.6 
65.2 
71.1 
78.0 
85.1 
95.4 
108.4 
116.7 


45.5 
48.3 
52.4 
58.0 
64.0 
70.3 
79.7 
89.7 
99.4 
107.6 
113.6 


7 


8 


9... . 


10 


11. 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 





1 Probable errors of the means are shown in appendix, Table XXI. 

The differences between the means for boys and girls at a given 
age period are not great, but they are significant. Table IV, showing 
the differences, will assist in making the comparison from this point 
of view : 



Table IV.- 



-Comparison of the mean heights and weights {as given in Table III), showing 
the excess in favor of either sex at different ages. 



Age at nearest birth- 
day (years). 


Excess in the mean- 


Height of— 


Weight of— 


Boys 

over 

girls 

(inches). 


Girls 

over 

boys 

(inches). 


Boys 

over 

girls 

(pounds). 


Girls 

over 

boys 

(pounds). 


6 


0.6 
.2 
.3 
.2 
.1 




2.0 
2.1 
2.1 
1.6 
1.2 
.8 




7 






8 






9 






10 






11 


0.2 
.8 
1.3 

.8 




12 




1.7 
4.6 
4.0 


13 






14 






15 


.4 
1.3 


.8 
3.1 


16 













It will be noted in the group studied that on the average at the 
ages of 11 to 14, school girls are taller than school boys, and that 
at the ages of 12 to 14 the girls are also heavier. This observa- 
tion merely corroborates for the particular racial and geographic 
group under consideration what has been found by other observers 
to be uniformly true during the period of puberty. 

WEIGHT-HEIGHT INDEX. 

The relation of weight to height, commonly expressed in the form 
of the ratio of weight to height at each age and called the weight- 
height index, is shown in Table V. 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDEEF. 



Table V. — Weight-height indices, or the ratios of mean weight to mean height, at each age 
for 14,SS5 native white children in Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, 
compared for boys and girls. 



Age at nearest birth- 
day (years). 


Mean weight in pounds 


Mean height in inches 


Boys. 


Girls. 


6 


1.05 
1.08 
1.12 
1.18 
1.24 
1.31 
1.39 
1.47 
1.58 
1.72 
1.81 


1.02 
1.04 
1.08 
1.15 
1.22 
1.29 
1.40 
1.51 
1.63 
1.72 
1.79 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 





The differences in the indices for the sexes, it will be noted, occur 
at the same ages, approximately, as the differences in weights and 
heights considered separately. Computed from Table V, they are 
given for convenience in Table VI. 



Table VI.- 



-Comparison of the mean weight-height index (as given in Table V) showing 
the excess in favor of either sex at different ages. 



Age at nearest birthday 
(years.) 


Excess in the mean 
weight-height in- 
dex (pounds per 
inch of height). 


Boys 
over 
girls. 


Girls 
over 
boys. 


6 


0.03 
.04 
.04 
.03 
.02 
.02 




7 




8 




9 




10 




11 




12 


0.01 
.04 
.05 


13 




14 




15 




16 


.02 









Here, again, it is found that the results correspond in a general 
way to those of similar studies of other groups of children. The boys 
are heavier than the girls for each inch of height at the ages of 6 to 
11, both inclusive, and at 16. At the ages 12 to 14 the girls weigh 
more than the boys, and at 15 no difference appears for this group of 
children. 

RATE OF INCREASE IN HEIGHT AND WEIGHT. 

The series of means given in Tables III and V suggest an interpre- 
tation from the point of view of development ; and considered in this 
light, although constituting observations of different individuals 



6 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 



at each age, they approximate the records of growth of the same 
individuals. 

The rate of increase in height and weight or in the weight-height 
index is not easily seen from the tables of means and ratios. Per- 





RATE OF INCREASE IN HEIGHT AND WEIGHT 




NATIVE WHITE. CHILDREN fe-|t, YEARS OF AGE IN MARYLAND 


VIRGINIA, 




NOKTH AND SOUTH CAEOLINA 






At^e. -a-t Ne.o.re.st Birthdei.>^ 






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haps the quickest and simplest way to show it is to .plot them on a 
logarithmic vertical scale. The means in Table III have been 
plotted in Figure 1.* 

^ In constructing the vertical scales for height and weight the spacing has been so arranged as to allow 
approximately the same space for an inch of height as for a pound in weight. The horizontal scales 
correspond exactly. The slope of the four Unes, therefore, is comparable. 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 7 

The curves also illustrate graphically the comparison of the actual 
mean heights and weights of boys and girls at different ages. 

If the mean heights or weights fall in an absolutely straight line 
on a logarithmic scale (the scale being so constructed as to give 
the same results had the logarithms of the means been plotted on 
ordinary cross-section paper), obviously the rate of increase is 
unchanging. There are, however, quite definite curves in the lines 
connecting the points, indicating as other investigators have pointed 
out, that the rate of increase in either height or weight varies at 
different ages for both boys and girls. The rate of increase in the 
height of boys shows a tendency to slacken between the ages of 11 
and 13; and the same slackening is seen for girls, but not until the 
age of 13. The mean weights of boys show an accelerating rate of 
increase imtil the age of 15, with a marked impetus at the age of 
18. For girls the weight curve rises more rapidly than for boys 
up to the age of 13, where the slackened rate of increase begins and 
continues through the last year of age (16) for which data are avail- 
able. 

These variations in the rate of increase are expressed numerically 
in Table VII. 



Table VII. — Percentages of annual increase in mean height and mean iveiglit of 14,335 
native white children in Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, compared 
for boys and girls. 



Age period. 


Percentage increase in— 


Height. 


Weight. 


Boys. 


Girls. 


Boys. 


Girls. 


6to7i 


4.0 
3.9 
3.9 
3.8 
3.1 
3.4 
3.4 
4.0 
4.7 
3.0 


4.1 
3.9 
4.4 
3.8 
3.9 
5.2 
4.2 
2.9 
. 2.0 
1.5 


6.1 
8.1 
9.4 
9.4 
9.0 
9.7 
9.1 
12.1 
13.6 
7.7 


6.2 
8.5 
10.7 
10.3 
9.8 
13.4 
12.5 
10.8 
8.2 
5.6 


7 to 8 


8 to 9 


9 to 10 


10 toll 


11 to 12 


12 to 13 


13 to 14 


14tol5 


15 to 16 





' All ages are those at nearest birthday. 

The relatively faster increase in weight than in height suggests, 
of course, that the weight-height index increases as children grow 
older. The curves constructed by plotting the weight-height in- 
dices in Table V on a logarithmic scale are shown in Figure 2. 

Beginning at about 8 years of age the rate of increase in the weight- 
height index is markedly slower for boys than for girls up to the age 
of 13 or 14. Thereafter the opposite is true. 

The means given in Table V may be used in still another way in 
considering the question of growth in weight in relation to height. 



8 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 



If the annual increment in weight be divided by the annual incre- 
ment in height for the corresponding year of age, we will obtain a 
series of figures showing the annual increase in weight per each inch 
of increase in height. Table VIII presents the annual increments 
computed from the means given in Table III and the ratios found in 
the manner suggested. 



RATE OF INCREASE IN THE WEIGHT-HEIGHT INDEX 


NATIVE WHITE CHILDBEN 4 TO Ifc YEARS OF AG£ IN MARYLAND, VIKGINIA, 


NOR.TH AND SOUTH CAROLINA 


•-^ 1.8- 




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Acje at Nearest Birthday 



Fig. 2. 

Table VIII. — Annual increments in •pounds oj weight J or each inch oj inarement in 
height computed Jrom mean weights and heights oj 14,335 native white children in Mary-, 
land, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina, compared Jor boys and girls. 



Age period. 


Annual increment. 


Annual 
in w 


increment 
eight 


For boys. 


For girls. 


(pounds) for each 
inch of increment 
in height. 


In height 
(inches). 


In weight 
(pounds) 


In height 
(inches). 


In weight 
(pounds). 


Boys. 


Girls. 


6to7i 


1.4 
2.0 
1.9 
1.9 
1.7 
1.9 
1.8 
2.3 
2.6 
1.7 


2.9 
4.1 
5.1 
5.6 
5.9 
6.9 
7.1 
10.3 
13.0 
8.3 


1.8 
1.9 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
2.5 
2.3 
1.8 
1.4 
.8 


2.8 
4.1 
5.6 
6.0 
6.3 
9.4 
10.0 
9.7 
8.2 
6.0 


2.1 
2.1 
2.7 
2.9 
3.5 
3.6 
3.9 
4.5 
5.0 
4.9 


1.6 
2.2 

2.8 
3.0 
3.2 
3.8 
4.3 
5.4 
5.9 
7.5 


7to8 


8 to 9 


9tol0 


10 to 11 


11 to 12 


12tol3 


13 to 14 


14tol5 


15 to 16 





' All ages are those at nearest birthday. 



The ratios in the two last columns, when considered as two series, 
merely indicate in another way the differences in the direction of 
growth of boys and girls. They have been plotted on a logarithmic 
scale in Figure 3. 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL, CHILDREN. 



The gain in weight by girls for each inch of gain in height increases 
at an almost constant rate from 7 to 16 years. Allowing for certain 
irregularities in the data, the gain in weight by boys for each inch of 
gain in height is practically the same as that by girls up to the age of 
1 1 , and thereafter is at a considerably slower rate. 

COMPARISON OF MEASUREMENTS OF INDIVIDUALS OF DIFFERENT 
AGES WITH PERIODIC MEASUREMENTS OF A SINGLE GROUP OF 
INDIVIDUALS. 

A number of observers have objected to height and weight stand- 
ards based on measurements of children taken in cross section, at 



R.ATE OF INCREASE /N THE ANNUAL INCREMENT IN 
NWEICHT P£R. INCH OF INCEEMENT IN HEIGHT 

NATIVE. WHITE. CHIUDEEN fc To 14. YEAR.S OP AGE IN M/MexUAND, VlBSINIA, 

NORTH AND South caroi-ina 




Fig. 3. 

different age periods, on the ground that such measurements do not 
furnish an accurate index of the rate of growth. It has been sug- 
gested that such an index can be determined with appreciable 
accuracy only by making periodic measurements of the same children 
over a number of years. On the other hand, an index determined by 
periodic measurements requires time, while the need for fairly 
reliable standards by which to gauge the state of nutrition is pressingly 
present. Furthermore, such a group of children, of necessity, will 
be a selected group which finally, through process of elimination, is 
likely to be composed of a relatively small number of the surviving 
fittest who are benefited by special contact with health educational 
methods. There is the danger, therefore, that the end results will 
not be applicable for comparison with children not subjected to 
special influences, and with children of other sections of the country. 



10 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CJHILDREN. 



Although the measurements made by the United States PubHc 
Health Service constitute observations of different groups of indi- 
viduals at each age, they may be compared with successive obser- 
vations of a single group of individuals. Using the records recently 
published by Prof. B. T. Baldwin, the following comparison is 
afforded.'^ 

Table VIII-A. — Mean heights, mean weights, and mean iveight-height indices of children 
of different ages measured by the United States Public Health Service, compared vnth 
corresponding measurements made periodically on a single group of children by Dr. B. 
T. Baldwin. 





Height (inches). 


Weight (pounds). 


Weight-height index 
(pounds). 


A.ee at 

nearest 

birthday. 


Boys. 


Girls. 


Boys. 


Girls. 


Boys. 


Girls. 




U. S. 
P.H.S. 


Bald- 
win. 


U. S. 
P.H.S. 


Bald- 
win. 


U. S. 
P.H.S. 


Bald- 
win. 


U. S. 
P.H.S. 


Bald- 
win. 


U. S. 
P.H.S. 


Bald- 
win. 


U. S. 
P.H.S. 


Bald- 
win. 










6 


45.4 
46.8 
48.8 
50.7 
52.6 
54.3 
56.2 
58.0 
60.3 
62.9 
64.6 


45.4 
47.8 
49.8 
51.5 
53.5 
55.3 
56.9 
59.3 
61.8 
64.1 
66.7 


44.8 
46.6 
48.5 
50.5 
52.5 
54.5 
57.0 
59.3 
61.1 
62.5 
63.3 


44.3 
46. S 
49.1 
51.1 
•53.1 
55.3 
57.6 
60.1 
61.8 
62.7 
63.6 


47.5 
50.4 
54.5 
59.6 
65.2 
71.1 
78.0 
85.1 
95.4 
108.4 
116.7 


45.2 
50.6 
55.3 
60.7 
67.2 
73.1 
77.7 
88.4 
98.3 
109.4 
120.6 


45.5 
48. 3 
62.4 
58.0 
64.0 
70.3 
79.7 
89.7 
99.4 
107.6 
113.6 


42.6 
48.0 
53.8 
59.7 
67.2 
74.1 
83.9 
96.2 
107.2 
115.5 
120.6 


1.05 
1.08 
1.12 
1.18 
1.24 
1.31 
1.39 
1.47 
1.58 
1.72 
1.81 


0.99 
1.05 
1.11 
1.17 
1.25 
1.32 
1.36 
1.49 
1.59 
1.70 
1.80 


1.02 
1.04 
1.08 
1.15 
1.22 
1.29 
1.40 
1.51 
1.63 
1.72 
1.79 


0.96 


7. 


1.02 


8 


1.09 


9 


1.16 


10 


1.26 


11 


1.33 


12 


1.45 


13 


1.60 


14 


1.73 


15 


1.84 


16 


1.89 







In the case of the boys, the height and weight curves follow the 
same general trend, with Baldwin's group slightly above that of the 
Public Health Service at practically every age. The weight-height 
indices for the two groups of boys are practically the same at each 
age except 6 years. In the case of the girls, the heights of the two 
groups foUow much the same course, with a shght convergence of 
the curves at the older ages. The weight and the weight-height 
index curves for the girls show a tendency to diverge after 7 years of 
age, and the divergence is considerable by the age of 16. Some 
factor evidently influenced the growth of the girls measured periodi- 
cally which failed to influence the girls measured by the United 
States Pubhc Health Service. Otherwise the curves appear to be as 
similar as could be expected. 

n. Difference in Heights and Weights of Children of the Same Sex and Age. 

Thus far comparisons in this study have been made of average 
(mean) heights and weights, but at each age children differ con- 
siderably in these respects and the differences are greater at some 
ages than at others. The averages which have been studied do not 
take into accoimt these differences because the average (arithmetic 



6 Physical Growth of Children from Birth to Maturity. By Bird T. Baldwin, University of Iowa Studies 
in Child Welfare, 1921. Baldwin's figures are based on semiannual measurements of an average of 125 
boys and 125 girls from the Horace Mann School, Teachers' College, Columbia University, New York, for 
periods of 8 years or more. (P. 411.) 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDBBN. 



11 



mean) does not show for any group of children the range of weights 
or heights, or the "dispersion" of weights or heights above and 
below the average. 

The nature of these differences is shown by plotting the number 
of children at each height or weight. As in all biometrical distri- 
butions of this character, the distribution will be found to form a 



RATE of increase in weight, in height, and IWTHE weight- height INPEX OF CHILDREN OF 
DITTERENT AGES MEASURED BY THE U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SER.VICE COMPARED WITH 
CORRESPONPING PERIODIC MEASUREMENTS OTA SINGLE GROUP OT CHILDREN BY B.T. BALPWIH 




Fig. 3a. 

more or less symmetrical frequency curve, which means that most of 
the children will tend to fall within rather narrow height or weight 
limits and fewer and fewer will fall in the classes toward either 
extreme. In plotting Figure 4, the percentages at each height or 
weight interval are used so as to reduce the data for the different 
ages to the same basis vertically. 



12 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDEEN. 



VARIATION IN HEIGHT AND IN WEIGHT 

PEECENTAGE DISTEI BUriONS ACCOEDINC TO HEIGHT AND ACCOKplNC TO WEIGHT 

OF NATIVE WHITE CHILDREN OF PlFFERENT AGES I N MARYLANP, V I ESI N 1 A , 

NORTH ANP SOOTH CAROLINA 
HEIGHT Z-INCH CLASSES WEIGHT S-POUNP CLASSES 



''sjiij-jsjiiiiij; 

















I 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 



13 



The differences in the sha'pe of the curves for heights as well as 
for weights are quite marked when ages are compared. In general, 
the older the age, the flatter is the curve and hence the greater the 
dispersion. This means that children of a given age differ more 
widely in height or weight as they grow older. This statement 
should be quahfied, however, for a closer study of the graphs affords 
the suggestion that the greatest dispersion or difference occurs at 
the age of puberty. Differences of this character are exhibited by 
both boys and girls. 

STANDARD DEVIATION IN HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS. 

A more nearly exact expression of these differences than that 
afforded by the graphic method is necessary. The usual statistical 
term used to express the degree of differences in distribution is the 
standard deviation (o-), which, in turn, is expressed by (F) the 
coefficient of variability as a percentage of the mean. As the a- 
or the V is large or small, so the differences in the individual heights 
or weights are large or small. 

In Table IX are given the standard deviations in heights and 
weights at each age for boys and girls and the corresponding coeffi- 
cients of variability. 

Table IX. — Variation in heights and weights oj hoys and girls oj the same age. 

As expressed in standard deviations in standing heights and weights at each age of 14,335 native white 
children in Maryland, Virginia, North and South CaroUna, and the corresponding coefficients of 
variabiUty. 



Age at nearest 
birthday. 


Standard deviation. 


Coefficient of 
variabiUty. 


Boys. 


Girls. 


Boys. 


Girls. 


6 


STANDING m 


EIGHTS. 




2. 77 ±0.068 
2.5S± .045 
2.54± .040 
2.66± .043 
2.64± .040 
2.82± .046 
3.03± .052 
2.93± .054 
3.83± .084 
3.85± .110 
2.99± .112 


3. 21 ±0.081 
2.53± .044 
2.47± .040 
2.69± .043 
2.83± .044 
3.00± .049 
3.02± .051 
3.16± .057 
2.99± .062 
2.62± .069 
2.50± .081 


6.10 
5.51 
5.20 
5.25 
5.02 
5.19 
5.39 
5.05 
6.35 
6.12 
4.63 


7.17 
5.43 
5.09 
5.33 
5.39 
5.50 
5.30 
5.33 
4.89 
4.19 
3.95 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


is 


14 


15 


16 


6 


VTEIGHTS. 


7.76±0.190 
6.56± .115 
7.13± .113 
7.98± .128 
9.09± .139 
10.30± .166 
12.43± .212 
12.84± .235 
17.52± .385 
20.46± .585 
17.12± .644 


7. 27 ±0.185 
6.26± .110 
7.39± .121 
9.24± .147 
10.79± .168 
12.87± .211 
14.85± .250 
16.41± .297 
14.75± .306 
16.38± .429 
16.244- ..523 


16.34 
13.02 
13.08 
13.39 
13.94 
14.49 
15.94 
15.09 
18.36 
18.87 
14.67 


15.98 
12.96 
14.10 
15.93 
16.86 
18. 31 
18.63 
18.29 
14.84 
15.22 
14.26 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 









14 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN, 



The coefficient of variability is, of course, the best expression of 
the degree of variation, since it takes into account the size of the 
mean from which the deviations are measured. As the table and 
the graph (Fig. 6) clearly show, there are marked differences in 
this coefficient for weight at different ages for the same sex and, 
when the sexes are compared, for the same age. After the age of 
7 the variation of weight increases with age up to 13 years for girls 
and 15 years for boys, and then decreases, the decrease thus beginning 
at an earlier age for girls than for boys. 



Comparison of the Annuau Increment in Weight 
With the Standard Deviation in Weight 
At DirFEBENT A<3ES For. Boys and Girls 




8 «1 10 II 1Z 13 



Fig. 5. 
RATE OF GROWTH AND VARIATION IN WEIGHT. 

It is of interest to inquire the reasons for the greater variation in 
weight at certain ages. While it might be due in part to a greater 
percentage of abnormal children at certain ages who may vary more 
from the mean than the normal children, the rapidity of growth 
as expressed by the mean annual increment in weight is definitely 
associated with variation in weight, as shown in Figure 5. 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 



15 



A comparison of the mean annual increment (see Table VIII) with 
the standard deviation (see Table IX) for the same sex shows this 
correlation in a more striking manner. The variation in weight 
seems to increase or decrease with the mean annual increment. That 
is to say, children vary most in weight at the periods of the most rapid 
increase in weight. 

These differences from the point of view of sex are also striking. 
Tlie degree of variation in weight for boys and girls of the same age 



Variations in the Standing Heights aho Weights of Boys amo 
GiRus AT DirreeENT Ages in Terms of Coetficient of Variability 

Based on observations of ia,33S School Children «n Marv lind, 
Virqint'a. J North iMid Sou.lh Carolina, by U. S . Pixb I ic Health Service. 



T 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 



20 -• 



18 ■■ 



Ife .. 



^_^ 14- + 

N^ \Z ■- 



10 -- 



8 • 



6 - 



4 ■- 



Weights 
Boys 





Standing Heights 

Bo>(s 

Girls 



7 8 9 10 n li 13 

Ape at Nearest BirthdaY 



Fig. 6. 

is by no means the same as the standard deviations (see Table IX 
and Figure 5, upper curves) clearly indicate. The same sort of 
differences between the sexes is shown when the annual increment in 
pounds is compared. (See Table VIII and Figure 5, lower curves.) 

RELATION OF HEIGHT TO VARIATIONS IN WEIGHT. 

In comparing the degree of variation in weights for boys and girls 
the factor of height must also be considered. The degree of variation 

109764°— 22 2 



16 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 



as expressed by the coefficient of variability is plotted for weights 
and heights for either sex in Figure 6. 

Since the two sets of curves are quite different in some respects, 
an attempt has been made to see what the coefficients of variability 
in weight would be if no variation in heights had existed. This has 
been done by a method of averaging the coefficients of variability 
in weight for children of a given age at each inch of height, a method 
which is admittedly somewhat crude but accurate enough for the 
purpose in view." 

Table X. — Variation in weights of boys and girls of the same age, after eliminating 
(roughly) the effect of variation in height. 

As expressed by the weighted averages of the coeflacients of variability for weight at each inch of height. 



Age at nearest birth- 
day. 


Averages of the 
coeflficients of 
variabiUty. 


Boys. 


Girls. 


6 


8.48 
9.06 
8.99 
8.65 
9.49 
9.95 
10.28 
10.40 
10.51 
9.66 
9.04 


8.55 
8.39 
8.73 
10.74 
11. 25 
12. 01 
12.15 
12.60 
13.30 
12.68 
11.50 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 





The results given in Table X are shown graphically in Figure 7. 

It appears that girls over 8 years of age vary with respect to weight 
in a considerably greater degree than boys of the same age and of 
the same approximate height. The degree of variation is somewhat 
more pronounced after the age of 13. 

III. Correlation of Height and Weight. 

Thus far the children of given age and sex have been considered 
from two standpoints: First, as constituting groups, using the 
average (mean) heights and weights of different sex-age groups for 
making comparisons; and, second, as individuals, using the standard 
deviation and coefficient of variability as measures of variation for 
determining the degree individual children differ in respect of height 
and weight. It now remains to consider the differences occurring in 
individual children in each group from the point of view of the 
relation of variation in height to variation in weight. That is, how 
closely do variations in height correspond to variations in weight 
among children of different ages and sexes ? Obviously, if there is a 
very close relationship, there must be a marked uniformity in the 

6 See appendix, Tables XV and XVI, for the coefficients of variability at each height. The coefficients 
of variabihty in weight of children of a given age increase Uttle, if any, withincrease in height. It therefore 
seemed feasible to average these coefficients for a given age group in order to get an expression of the average 
relative variation in weight of children of any given height for that age. 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 



17 



weight of children, taking height into account; if there is not a very 
marked relationship, children of a given height, age, and sex will 
differ widely in weight. The importance of this phase of the discus- 
sion does not lie so much in demonstrating the fact that a relation- 
ship of this kind exists, since in the very nature of things it must 
exist, as in discovering the differences in degree of correlation for the 
various sex and age groups. 

COEFFICIENT OF CORRELATION. 

A comparison of this kind would be a very detailed and difficult 
task if no single measure of the relationship between the degree of 



Variation in Weights of Boysanp Cukls of the Same Ace, 
AFTee Eliminating THE Etfect of Variation in Heioht 

WElCHTEP AVEEACeS OF CoE Fl^iciE NTS Op VAEiA Bi 1-1 T Y To R. VMEienT 
AT EACH INCH OF HEIGHT 



14 -• 




iT 



Ac^a a-l: Neo-rest. Birlhda^ 



Fig. 7. 

the two variations could be used. Such a statistical measure exists 
in the coefficient of correlation and the correlation ratio. When 
this coefficient or ratio is zero there is no relationship whatsoever. 
When it is 1, or unity, the relationship is perfect; that is, the variation 
in one (e. g., height) is accompanied by exactly the same variation, 
relatively, in the other (e. g., weight). The nearer unity, the closer 
the relationship between the two variables.^ 

7 The coefficient of correlation (r) is the generally used statistical measure of linear or straight Une correla- 
tion between two variables. If the items (individuals) are plotted with heights as ordinates and weights 
as abscissae, and the points (or the means of the weights at the different heights) tend to fall along a straight 
Une, the correlation is said to be hnear. But if the points tend to fall along a curved Une, the correlation is 
said to be nonUnear and, under certain conditions, the correlation ratio (?;) is a better measure of the 
correlation between the two variables. If the ratio (?;) is significantly larger than the coefficient (r), it is 
an indication of noiiUuearity. 

In the case of the heights and weights of children in this study, the differences between the correlation 
ratio and the coefficient are not marked except at a few ages, but in practicaUy every instance they are 
found to be significant if Blakeman's criterion of nonlinearity is appUed. That is, the correlation ratio is a 
more nearly accurate expression of correlation than the coefficient for the material used iu this study. 



18 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN, 



The correlation ratios as well as the coefficients of correlation for 
heights and weights of boys and girls at each age are given in Table 
XI, together with their probable errors. The correlation tables are 
given in the appendix. 

Table XI. — Correlation of standing heights and weights of native white children in Mary- 
land, Virginia. North and South Carolina. 



Age at nearest birth- 
day. 


Correlation 

ratio of weight 

on height 


CoeflBcient of 
correlation 

(r). 


6 


BOYS. 


0.8-30±0.010S 
.704± .0125 
.718± .0109 
.744± .0101 
.720± .0104 
.726± .0108 
.736± .0111 
.720± .0125 
.816± .0104 
.8.53± .0110 
.784± .0225 


0.782±0. 01.34 
.603± .0157 
.682± .0120 
.643± .0133 
.693± .0113 
.657± .0130 
.706± .0121 
.e87± .0137 
.795± .0114 
.842± .0118 
.736± .0244 


7 


8. . . . 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13... 


14 


15 


16 


6 


GIRLS. 


0. 788±0. 0136 
.725± .0118 
.751± .0101 
.724± .0107 
.709± .0110 
.695± .0120 
.719± .0115 
.707± .0128 
.692± .0153 
.543± .0262 
.592± .0296 


0.675 ±0.0195 
.679± .0134 
.719± .0111 
.661± .0127 
.660± .0125 
.647± .0135 
.703± .0120 
.669± .0141 
.643± .0172 
.427± .0303 
.565± .0310 


7. . 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 





As may be expected, in all instances the correlation is high and, 
from the point of view of the probable error, significant. The degree 
of correlation, however, varies considerably in the different ages and 
as between boys and girls. These differences are not merely acci- 
dental, but indicate definite trends. In order to visualize the differ- 
ences the correlation ratios have been plotted in Figure 8. 

The correlation of height and weight is quite high at 6 years of age 
for both boys and girls in this particular group of children. From 7 
to 13 years of age the correlation for both sexes is lower and similar, 
although that for the girls is slightly lower after 8 years than for 
boys. After the age of 13 there is a marked divergence, the correla- 
tion for boys being quite high and that for girls relatively low. 

Stated in other words, the weights of both boys and girls vary in 
pretty much the same way as do the heights in the ages under the age 
of 14, the taller the children the more they weigh according to a 
fairly constant ratio; but in the ages 14 to 16, height or weight appear 
to be affected to a markedly greater extent by some other factor or 
factors. 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDEBN. 



19 



VARIATION IN WEIGHT PER INCH OF VARIATION IN HEIGHT. 

This may be expressed more exactly by stating the variation in 
weight (pounds) per inch of variation in height at each age, as shown 
in Table XII, and graphically in Figure 9.^ 

Table XII. — Variation in weight (pounds) per inch of variation in height compared for 
boys and girls at different ages. 

CoeflBcieiit of regression of weiitht on height of native white children of Maryland, Virginia, North and 

South Carolina by sex and age. 



Age at nearest birth- 
day. 


Coefficient of regres- 
sion of weight on 
height (pounds). 


Boys. 


Girls. 


6 


2.19 
1.53 
1.91 
1.92 
2.38 
2.41 
2.91 
3.02 
3.66 
4.46 
4.24 


1.52 
1.68 
2.15 
2.27 
2.52 
2.79 
3.44 
3.48 
3.16 
2.69 
3.70 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 





From 7 to 13 years, inclusive, the variation in weight per inch of 
variation in height was less among boys than girls; at 6, 14, 15, and 
16 years of age the opposite was true. 

IV. Summary. 

1. The basis of this study consists of height and weight measure- 
ments of 14,335 native white school children from 6 to 16 years of 
age made by officers of the United States Public Health Service in 
representative localities of Maryland, Virginia, and North and South 
Carolina. 

2. The mean heights of the girls 11 to 14 years of age, inclusive, 
and the mean weights of the girls 12 to 14 years, inclusive, are 
greater than those of the boys of the same ages. At the other ages 
studied the boys are taller and heavier than the girls. The weight- 
height index (weight per inch of height) of the girls exceeds that of 
the boys from 12 to 14 years and is equal at 15 years; at the other 
ages studied, it is greater for boys than for girls. 

3. The annual increment in weight of the girls exceeds that of the 
boys from 8 to 13 years, inclusive. At the other ages studied it is 
greater for boys. However, when the annual increment in weight 

8 The coefficient of regression of weight on height (computed from the coefficient of correlation (r) for a 
given age indicates the average difference in weight (pounds) per inch of difference in height. 



20 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL. CHILDREN. 



per inch of increment in height is considered, it is found greater for 
girls than boys at every age after 6, except 10 years. 

4. Variations in height and in weight differ markedly for different 
sex-age groups and are closely associated with the rate of increase in 
weight. When variation in weight is considered independently of 
variation in height, the boys 14" to 16 years of age vary considerably 
more in weight than the girls of the same age. But when the effect 
of variation in height is eliminated, the girls vary more in weight 
than the boys of the same age at all ages above 8 years. In other 



Correlation Ratio (yj) Between Heights and Weights 

MATIVE WHITE CHILOREN 6 - Ifc YEARS OFAOE JN W AE Y I- A NP^ VlKGIN)A j 

NoeTH AND Sooth CaKoi-ina 






■M kO 




'"-^^^ 



Boys — ^ 
Girls 



4S-. 



-^oT^ 



Ac^e. -zj-t Nearesi Blrthda-y 



Fig. 8. 

words, girls after 8. years of age vary more in weight than boys of the 
same age and height. 

5. Correlation between heights and weights was found to be lower j 
for the girls than for the boys at all ages above 8 years and markedly j 
lower after 13 years of age. 

V. Height-Weight Tables. 

Since it appears that variability in weight differs with sex, age, and f 
height, it seems that averages which best represent a group of chil- 
dren are those which take all of these factors into account. It there- 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL (CHILDREN. 



21 



fore seemed best to present the final results of the study as average 
weights of boys and girls of each age, by height groups. A series of 
mean weights was therefore computed independently for children at 
each year of age and at each inch of height. In order to approximate 
the true average weights which would be the result of measuring an 
infinite number of children, it was necessary to smooth the weights 
computed independently. Smoothed averages were derived from 
data shown in the tables^ in the appendix, by a formula from the 



Average Variation in Weight (pounds) roe. a Vaciation of One 

Inch in Height 

As ExPRBssEO By The coeFFiciENr OF' "EeGE.essiop( oP wGioMT ON HG(CHT 

OPN/^flVE WHirS CHll-DaEN OF MARVL«NO,vreoiNlA, Naertl AND SOUTH CAH.01-1IMA 



3.0- 



S-- 




8 <) lO II \Z 



Fig. 9. 



method of least squares, which give a series of weights representing 
the most probable smooth curve which could be constructed from 
the data.^*^ The smoothed averages are shown in Tables XIII and 
XIV. 



9 The actual average weights, the standard deviations, and the coefiBcients of variability are given by 
single-year age groups and single inch-height classes in appendix Tables XV and XVI. The number of 
children whose measurements were considered in making up each average is also shown. 

10 Let y= weight and X= height; then it was assumed that at any given height, X", Y=a+bx+cx^+dx^. 
The coefficients a,b,c, and d were evaluated by the method of least squares for each sex and age, and 
the smoothed weights were computed by substituting in the original equation. 



22 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 



Table XIII. — Smoothed average weights for each inch of height of native rvhite school- 
hoys in Maryland, Virginia, and North and South Carolina, ages 6 to 16 years, inclusive, 
for each year of age. 



Height, 
nearest 
inch. 


Weight, nearest pound at each age, nearest birthday. 


6 
years. 


7 
years. 


8 
years. 


9 
years. 


10 
years. 


11 
years. 


12 
years. 


13 
years. 


14 
years. 


15 
years. 


16 
years. 


41 

42 

43 

44 

45 

46 

47 

48 

49 

50 


39 
41 
43 
44 

46 

48 
50 
52 
54 


43 
44 

46 

48 
50 
52 

54 

56 
59 


47 

48 
49 
50 
52 
54 

56 
59 
61 
64 
67 


50 
51 
53 
55 

57 
60 
62 
65 
68 

72 
74 


50 
52 
54 
56 

58 
61 
64 
66 
69 

72 

74 
77 
80 


55 
57 

59 
61 
64 
67 
70 

73 
76 
79 
82 
84 

86 


65 
67 
69 
71 

74 
76 
80 
83 
86 

89 
92 


67 
69 
72 

75 

78 
81 
85 
88 

91 
95 
99 
103 
107 


75 

77 
80 
83 
86 
90 

93 
97 
102 
106 
111 

116 
121 


90 

95 
100 
104 
109 
113 

118 
124 
1.30 


104 
109 
114 

118 
124 
130 
136 


51 




52 




53 






64 






55 






66 








67 








58 










69 










60 












61 












62 














63 
















64 
















65 
















66 


















67 


















68 











































Table XIV. — Smoothed average weights for each inch of height of native white school- 
girls in Maryland, Virginia, and North and South Carolina, ages 6 to 16 years, inclu- 
sive, for each year of age. 



Height, 
nearest 
inch. 


Weight, nearest pound at each age, nearest birthday. 


6 

years. 


7 
years. 


8 
years. 


9 
years. 


10 
years. 


11 
years. 


12 
years. 


13 
years. 


14 
years. 


15 
years. 


16 
years. 


39 

40 

41 

42 

43 

44 

45 

46 

47 

48 

49 

50 


38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 

45 
47 
49 
51 
53 






47 
49 
52 
54 

56 
59 
61 
64 
67 

71 
73 




52 
55 

58 
60 
63 
65 

68 

71 

74 
77 
81 
86 

90 


62 
64 
66 
69 
72 
75 
79 
83 
87 

90 
94 
98 
101 


69 
70 

73 
76 
79 

83 

88 

92 
96 
100 
104 
108 

110 


81 
84 
87 
91 

95 
99 
103 
107 
110 

114 
116 


89 
92 
95 

99 
102 
105 
108 
112 

115 
119 
122 


103 
106 
109 
112 
115 

119 
126 


42 
42 

43 

45 
47 
49 
51 
53 

55 
57 
68 


42 
43 

45 
47 
49 
51 

54 

56 
58 
60 
61 


47 
49 
52 
55 

67 
60 
62 
65 

68 

71 
73 
76 
79 


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1 







HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 23 

No attempt was made to cany the smoothed mean weight series 
to the extreme limits of heights. In the first place reliable averages 
could not be computed because of the relatively small number of 
children observed. In the second place averages would probably 
not be good criteria of the correct weights of extremely short or 
extremely tall children, inasmuch as those who vary so widely in 
height from the mean could not be assumed to conform to any 
computed or assumed mean weights. It is not claimed, however, 
that this table reaches the limits of normality, especially in the older 
ages; but it appeared better to keep within safe limits where the data 
could be relied upon than to try to make a complete table if it were 
necessary to use unreliable figures for the extremes. 

It is suggested that this table, which is based on measurements of 
native white children in four representative Southern States, might 
serve as a table of correct weights among such children of the South. 
The usual tables of this sort are based on measurements of children 
of various racial stocks or distinctly selected groups of children, and 
it would seem that a table, based on measurements of children of a 
single race stock from one section of the country, would better 
represent the white children of that section. It should be borne in 
mind, however, that the older ages, particularly the 16-year-old 
boys, probably are not representative, because of the small number 
considered and selection due to children dropping out of school. 

VI. Appendix. 
TABLES OF BASIC DATA. 

In the following pages are given tables containing the basic data 
for the study. Tables XV and XVI show by sex, age, and height 
the mean weights, standard deviations, and coefficients of varia- 
bility. These tables contain the basic data from which Tables 
XIII and XIV were computed. Tables XVII to XX, inclusive, 
show by sex and age the percentage distribution of children according 
to height by 1-inch classes, and according to weight by 5-pound 
classes. Table XXI shows the mean heights and weights with their 
probable errors and the median and quartile heights and weights by 
sex and age. Tables XXII to XXXII, inclusive, show the original 
data in correlation tables. 



24 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 



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26 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 



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HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 



27 



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28 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL. CHILDEEN. 



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30 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL. CHILDREN. 



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HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 



31 



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109764°— 22- 



32 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL. CHILDREN. 



Table XVII. — Percentage distribution, according to height, of native white children in 
Maryland, Virginia, and North and South Carolina, by sex and age. 

BOYS. 



Height, nearest inch. 


Age at nearest birthday. 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 




100.0 


100.0 


100,0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


26 


27 
























28 








.1 
















29 






















30 
























31 




.1 




















32 






















33 
























34 












.1 












35 








.1 
.1 


.1 












36 




.1 
.1 










.2 
.2 






37 
















38 




















39 


.8 

1.3 
4.5 
6.8 
9.5 
15.8 

17.1 
15.8 
10.0 
7.9 
3.9 

2.4 
1.8 

.8 
.8 
.3 

.3 


.3 

1.1 

.1 

1.7 

2.4 

8.2 

13.6 
14.0 
17.2 
17.0 
11.0 

5.6 

3.9 

2.1 

.7 

.1 

.4 




















40 


.1 

.2 

.7 

.8 

2.0 

4.5 
7.5 
12.4 
17.4 
17.0 

12.5 
11.2 
6.6 
3.8 
1.7 

.9 
,2 
.2 
.2 
.1 


.1 

.1 

....... 

.9 
2.0 
4.8 
9.3 
13.5 

15.4 
15.7 
14.3 
10.7 
7.1 

3.5 
1.0 
.6 
.1 
.1 
















41 














42 


.1 


• 








.4 




43 












44 


.1 

.3 

.9 

1.3 

3.0 

4.5 

8.0 
14.4 
16.0 
15.8 
14.5 

9.2 

6.0 

3.2 

.9 

.7 

.5 

.1 

....... 


.1 

.1 

.1 

.3 
1.1 
1.1 

3.6 
6.4 
11.1 
14.7 
16.1 

13.4 
10.4 
9.1 
5.6 
3.3 

1.7 
.6 
.2 
.3 
.1 

.1 


.1 

■■■■-■ 
.1 










45 


.1 








46 








47. 










48 










49 


.4 

.8 

2.6 

5.2 

7.9 

11.4 

13.8 
14.3 
11.1 
9.9 
9.1 

4.2 
4.6 
2.0 

.8 
.5 

.4 
.1 
.1 


.1 

.7 

.4 

1.6 

2.5 

3.8 

7.8 
12.5 
14.9 
14.9 
12.1 

10.8 
5.7 
5.2 
3.8 
1.6 

.9 
■■■■-■ 


.2 






50 






51 ... 


.8 
1.9 

3.0 
4.9 
7.9 
12.7 
10.0 

11.7 
9.8 
9.6 
8.1 
5.5 

4.2 
4.2 
1.5 
1.9 
.2 


.4 




52 




53 






54 


.7 

1.4 
3.6 
2.2 
2.9 
4.3 

8.6 
10.8 
9.4 
9.0 
10.8 

11.2 
7.2 

7.2 
5.4 
2.2 

1.8 




55 


.6 


56 




57 






.6 


5S 






3.1 


59 




.1 


.6 


60 




5.6 


61 




:::::::: 


.1 

.1 


6.8 


62 


.3 






5.0 


63 






7.5 


64 










13.7 


65 












16.1 


66 




— 






11.2 


67 .:::::: 










11.2 


6S 










11.8 


69 




1 








.1 


.1 
.1 


4.3 


70 












1.2 


71 
















72 
















.4 


.7 


.6 





















HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 



33 



Table XVIII. — Percentage distribution, according to height, of native rohite children in 
Maryland, Virginia, and North and South Carolina, by sex and age. 



GIRLS. 



Height, nearest inch. 


Age at nearest birthday. 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 


All heights . . 


100.0 
.3 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


26 


27 






















28 






















29 






















30 


.3 




.1 














31 


1 














32 























33 
























34 
























35 


.3 






















36 


.1 






.1 














37 


.3 
.3 

2.0 

3.4 

4.8 
11.6 

8.2 
13.3 

15.0 
13.6 
9.9 
6.2 
5.9 

1.7 
.8 
.3 

1.4 


















3S 


.3 


.1 












.2 






39 
















40 


.1 

.8 
3.3 
5.7 

8.4 

13.7 
16.6 
17.6 
13.5 
9.4 

4.9 
2.7 
1.2 

.7 
.7 


'"".2 
.1 
1.3 

2.7 

4.9 
10.2 
14.4 
19.1 
15.9 

11.2 
8.1 
6.2 
3.4 
1.1 

.4 
.4 


.1 
.2 
















41 


.2 














42 


.2 












43 
















44 


.3 

1.0 
3.3 
6.2 
10.1 
12.9 

15.3 
17.1 
13.6 
8.0 
5.7 

2.9 
1.4 

.7 
.6 
.2 

.1 


.3 

.4 

.9 

1.2 

3.7 

5.3 

8.4 
15.0 
17.3 
14.5 
12.3 

7.1 
5.9 
3.4 
2.4 
.5 

.6 
.1 
.1 
.1 














45 


.2 
■■■■■- 

.9 
2.1 

3.5 
6.5 
11.-2 
11.2 
14.5 

13.9 
9.8 

10.6 
6.1 
3.8 

2.7 
.6 
.5 
.2 
.2 

.4 














.1 
.1 










47 




.2 




.5 






49 


.2 

1.1 
1.6 
3.4 
5.0 
10.3 

10.3 
10.3 
11.8 
12.5 
12.4 

9.2 
5.1 
3.6 
1.7 
.6 

.2 
.1 
.1 










50 


.6 

.3 

1.4 

1.4 

3.6 

5.0 
5.6 
9.2 
9.8 
12.2 

12.4 
15.3 
8.3 
6.5 
4.0 

2.6 
1.0 
.3 
.1 
.3 


.2 
.2 






51 






52 






53 


.9 


.3 




54 




55 




2.1 
2.1 
3.4 
6.1 
9.5 

14.6 
13.4 
15.0 
12.9 
9.7 

5.9 

2.5 

.9 

.2 

.2 


.9 

.9 

1.2 

3.0 

5.1 

10.0 
10.6 
17.8 
16.0 
13.6 

9.4 
5.1 
3.9 
1.2 
.6 




56 




.1 


.5 


57 


.3 


.5 






.2 
.1 


.5 


59 






2.7 


60 






8.2 


61 




.1 




5.5 


62 








16.9 


63 








.1 


18.3 


64 








15.1 


65 












16.0 


66 










.1 


7.8 


67 










4.1 


68 














3.7 


69 


















70 


















71 




















.3 




72 1. 


















1 1 1 


1 













34 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 



Table XIX. — Percentage distribution, according to veight, of native white children in 
Maryland, Virginia, and North and South Carolina, by sex and age. 



BOYS. 



Weight class. 


Age at nearest birthday. 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 


All weights 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


2,5-29 




30-34 


.5 

8.4 

26.1 

31.8 

21.6 
5.3 
2.1 
2.9 

.8 


.1 

2.0 
14.0 
30.5 

28.3 

16.6 

5.6 

2.1 

.3 














.2 
.2 






35-39 


.6 
4.0 

18.7 

30.5 

23.9 

13.8 

5.4 

1.4 

1.1 

.4 

....... 


-■■■■- 

5.7 

22.0 
24.2 
22.0 
13.6 
7.4 

2.4 
.7 
.7 
.2 
.1 


.1 












40-44 








.4 




45-49 


2.2 

7.7 
15.5 
24.3 
20.7 
14.2 

8.8 
3.5 
1.7 

.7 
.5 


.8 

2.3 
6.8 
15.5 
20.6 
19.5 

16.9 
7.3 
5.8 
2.2 
. 1.6 

.7 
.2 
.1 
.1 
.1 


.5 

1.5 

6.9 

13.8 

20.5 

17.4 

14.7 

8.8 

6.5 

3.8 

2.2 
.5 
.9 
.5 
.5 

.4 
.3 
.1 


.1 

.1 

.4 

3.1 

4.9 

9.1 

16.6 
17.1 
17.1 
10.6 
6.9 

5.2 
4.3 

1.8 

1.5 

.9 

.1 






50-54 








55-59 


....... 

2.5 

4.7 

7.0 
11.7 
12.7 
12.1 
11.0 

10.0 
6.2 
6.9 
4.7 
3.2 

3.0 

1.3 

.4 

1.3 

.8 


.4 

.4 

1.1 

1.8 

4.0 
4.7 
5.4 
5.8 
9.4 

9.0 
12.6 
7.6 
7.9 
7.9 

5.8 
5.0 
2.9 
3.2 
2.9 

1.8 
.4 




60-64 




65-69 


.6 


70-74 




75-79 


.6 


80-84 




.1 
.1 
.1 


2.5 


85-89 




3.1 


90-94 


.3 
.3 


3.1 


95-99 


4.3 


100-104 






9.9 


105-109 










.1 


9.9 


110-114 










8.7 


115-119 












13.0 


120-124 












7.5 


125-129 












11.2 


130-134 












. 


9.9 


135-139 














9.9 


140-144 














3.7 


145-149 


















.6 


150-154 


















.6 


155-159 






















160-164 






















165-169 
























170-174 
























175-179 
























180-184 






















.6 


185-189 
























190-194 
























195-199 

















































HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL. CHILDREN". 



35 



Table XX. — Percentage distribution, according to weight, of native white children in 
Maryland, Virginia, and North and South Carolina, by sex and age. 



GIRLS. 





Age at nearest birthday. 




6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 


All weights 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 

.1 
.1 

.9 
10.0 
23.9 

31.4 
18.1 
10.1 
3.5 
1.2 

...... 

.2 
.1 
.1 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


100.0 


25-29 




30-34 


2.5 
14.7 
28.6 
32.0 

13.9 

4.8 
1.7 
.8 
.3 


""i'.Q 
21.4 
36.2 

24.1 

8.3 

4.1 

.4 

.4 

.4 
.1 


















35-39 


.2 
3.0 
11.3 

24.2 
22.3 
IS. 4 
10.1 
5.7 

2.0 

.9 

1.1 

....... 

.1 
.3 
















40-44 


.9 
2.9 

12.4 
20.0 
21.8 
17.3 
11.1 

6.1 
2.6 
2.4 
1.0 
.7 

.1 

.5 


.1 

1.3 

4.3- 
10.7 
17.4 
19.8 
15.5 

12.8 
6.4 
4.7 
2.4 
2.1 

.8 
.5 
.6 
.2 
.1 


.2 
.1 

1.0 
2.7 

7.8 
13.7 
14.4 

14.5 
11.4 
13.3 
6.2 
5.5 

3.0 
1.6 
1.6 
1.4 
.5 

.4 
.1 
.1 
.1 
.1 

.1 










45-49 


.1 

.4 
1.0 
3.5 
3.9 
6.3 

12.2 
12.7 
12.2 
10.5 
12.4 

8.2 
5.8 
2.9 
2.6 
2.4 

.9 
.9 
.6 
.1 
.3 

.1 






.5 


50-51 








55-59 


.2 
.6 

.8 
3.4 

4.7 
7.4 

11.4 
8.5 

16.3 

13.6 
8.9 

7.4 
6.8 
3.8 

2.1 
1.5 
.6 

.4 
.4 

.6 






60-64 






65-69 ;. . 






70-74 


.3 

1.5 
4.2 
6.6 
6.6 
12.1 

14.5 
11.8 
11.5 
10.0 
6.0 

6.0 

3.3 

1.8 

.9 

.9 

.6 
.3 
.3 
.3 




7.5-79 


.5 


80-8-1 


.3 


.9 


85-S9 


2.7 


90-94 






3.2 


95-99 


.3 




6.8 


100-104 


11 


105-109 








16.0 


110-114 








16 


115-119 








.1 
.1 


12.3 


120-124 . 1 . 








8 7 


125-129 








10.0 


130-134 


« 








.1 


.1 


4 6 












2.3 


140-144 














.5 
















.5 














.1 


.9 


155-159 












.9 




















.6 
.2 


5 


16&-169 


















.5 


170-174 












.1 








175-179 


















.3 




180-184 












































.5 


190-194 
































. _ _ 














.5 


1 


1 ' i 















36 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 



Table XXI. — Mean, median, and quartile heights and weights of native white children 
of Maryland, Virginia, and North and South Carolina, by sex and age. 



Age at near- 
est birthday. 



Mean. 



Boys. 



Girls. 



First quartile (Qi). 



Boys. Girls 



Median (Md). 



Boys. Girls 



Third quartOe (Qa). 



Boys. Girls 



7 
S 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 



6. 

7. 

8, 

9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 



STANDING HEIGHT (INCHES). 



45. 4± 0.096 
46. 8± .064 
48. 8± .057 
60. 7± .060 
52. 6± .057 
54.3± .064 
56. 2± .073 
58. 0± .076 
60. 3± .119 
62. 9± .156 
64. 6± .159 



44. 8± 0.115 
46. 6± .063 
48. 5± .057 
50. 5± .060 
52. 5± .062 
54. 5± .070 
57. 0± .072 
59. 3± .081 
61. 1± .088 
62. 5± .097 
63. 3± .114 



43.1 


42.2 


44.7 


44.3 


46.3 


44.8 


44.4 


46.5 


46.1 


47.9 


46.8 


46.4 


48.3 


47.9 


60.0 


48.5 


48.3 


50.2 


50.0 


5L9 


50.5 


50.3 


52.1 


51.9 


53.7 


52.0 


52.0 


53.7 


53.9 


55.6 


53.7 


54.3 


55.5 


56.7 


57.7 


55.6 


56.8 


57.4 


69.1 


59.3 


57.4 


59.0 


59.7 


60.8 


62.2 


60.0 


60.3 


62.5 


62.0 


66.0 


62.4 


61.4 


64.4 


62.9 


66.4 



WEIGHT (pounds). 



47. 5± 0.269 

60. 4± .162 

54. 5± 

59. 6± 

65. 2± 

71. 1± 

78. 0± 

85. 1± 

95. 4± 
108. 4± 
116. 7± 



45. 5±0. 261 

48. 3± .156 

62. 4± 

68. 0± 

64. 0± 

70. 3± 

79. 7± 

89. 7± .420 

99. 4± .433 
107. 6± .607 
113. 6± .740 



,171 
,208 
238 
298 
353 



42.4 
46.0 
49.8 
63.9 
59.6 
64.6 
70.0 
76.5 
83.9 
95.1 
104.9 



41.0 


46.8 


44.4 


49.9 


47.8 


63.9 


62.0 


68.9 


66.7 


64.7 


62.1 


70.6 


69.3 


75.7 


78.4 


84.1 


88.2 


93.6 


96.6 


107.7 


104.4 


117.6 



46.0 
47.9 
51.7 
56.9 
62.3 
68.4 
78.2 
88.3 
9a 4 
106.0 
111.9 



50.7 
54.6 
58.9 
64.6 
70.4 
76.9 
84.4 
92.1 
105.6 
122.7 
129.9 



46.1 
47.6 
49.6 
51.6 
53.6 
56.0 
6&7 
60.9 
62.5 
63.7 
64.4 



48.6 
51.6 
56.4 
63.0 
69.6 
76.1 
87.3 
99.5 
108.8 
117.2 
122.6 



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63.0 
50.0 
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36 



HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 



Table XXI. — Mean, median, and quartile heights and weights of native white children 
of Maryland, Virginia, and North and South Carolina, by sex and age. 



Age at near- 
est birthday. 



Mean. 



Boys. 



Girls. 



First quartile (Qi). 



Boys. Girls. 



Median (Md). 



Boys. Girls 



Third quartOe (Q^). 



Boys. Girls. 



STANDING HEIGHT (INCHES). 



7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 



45. 4±0. 096 
46. 8± .064 
48. 8± .057 
50. 7± .060 
52. 6 ± .057 
54 3± .064 
56. 2± .073 
58. 0± .076 
60. 3± .119 
62. 9± .156 
64. 6± .159 



44.8±0.115 



46. 6± 
48. 5± 
50. 5± 
52. 5± 
54. 5± 
57. 0± 
59. 3 ± .081 
61. 1± .088 
62. 5± .097 
63. 3± .114 



.063 
.057 
.060 
.062 
.070 
.072 



43.1 


42.2 


44.7 


44.3 


46.3 


44.8 


44.4 


46.5 


46.1 


47.9 


46.8 


46.4 


48.3 


47.9 


50.0 


48.5 


48.3 


50.2 


50.0 


5L9 


50.5 


50.3 


52.1 


51.9 


53.7 


52.0 


52.0 


53.7 


53.9 


55.6 


53.7 


54.3 


55.5 


56.7 


57.7 


55.6 


56.8 


57.4 


59.1 


59.3 


57.4 


59.0 


59.7 


60.8 


62.2 


60.0 


60.3 


62.5 


62.0 


65.0 


62.4 


61.4 


64.4 


62.9 


66.4 



WEIGHT (pounds). 



6 47.5±0.269 

7 1 50. 4± .162 

8 54.5± .160 

9 59. 6± .181 

10 65.2± .197 

11 71.1± .235 

12 78.0± .300 

13 S5.1± .332 

14 95.4± .545 

15 108. 4± .828 

16 116.7± .910 



45. 5± 0.261 



?.3± 

52. 4± 

58. 0± 

64. 0± 

70. 3± 

79. 7± 

89. 7± 

99. 4± .433 
107. 6± .607 
113. 6± .740 



,156 
.171 
.208 
.238 
.298 
.353 
.420 



42.4 


41.0 


46.8 


45.0 


50.7 


46.0 


44.4 


49.9 


47.9 


546 


49.8 


47.8 


53.9 


51.7 


58.9 


53.9 


52.0 


58.9 


56.9 


646 


59.5 


56.7 


64.7 


62.3 


70.4 


64.5 


62.1 


70.6 


68.4 


76.9 


70.0 


69.3 


75.7 


78.2 


844 


76.5 


7&4 


84.1 


88.3 


92.1 


83.9 


88.2 


93.6 


98.4 


105.5 


95.1 


96.5 


107.7 


106.0 


122.7 


104.9 


104.4 


117.6 


111.9 


129.9 



46.1 
47.6 
49.5 
51.6 
53.6 
56.0 

5a7 

60.9 
62.5 
63.7 
644 



48.6 
51.6 
56.4 
63.0 
69.6 
76.1 
87.3 
99.5 
108.8 
117.2 
122.6 



Table XXII. — Correlation between heights and weights of native white school children in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. 

380 6-YEAR-OLD BOYS. 



i 



















Number of children in each 2-pound weight group. 










Height 


ber of 
rhll- 
dren. 


weight 
at earh 
height. 






















nearest 
inch. 


I 


i 


I 


I 


i 


1 


1 


% 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


I 


1 


1 


1 


I 


I 


1 


1 




1 


1 


1 


i 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 












AU 




















































































heights. 


380 


47.5 




2 


3 


14 


16 


43 


38 




46 


43 


44 


27 


19 


6 


V 


5 


3 




2 






2 


1 


















1 




1 












26 




















































































27 




















































































28 




















































































29 




















































































30 




















































! 






























31 




















































































32 




















































































33 




















































































34 




















































































35 




















































































36 




















































































37 




















































































38 




















































































39 


3 


36.0 






1 


2 








































1 






























40 


5 


43.0 








1 




1 


1 


1 






1 




















] 




' 1 




























41 


17 


39.4 




1 


1 


3 


4 


5 


1 


1 




1 
























































42 


26 


40.2 




1 


1 


4 


3 


10 


3 


3 


1 






























1 




























43 


36 


43.1 








■1. 


2 


8 


9 


8 


2 


4 




1 






















































44 


60 


45.1 








1 


1 


9 


16 


10 


8 


3 


8 




2 


1 




1 
















1 






























45 


65 


45.7 










5 


6 


4 


17 


12 


11 


7 


2 


1 






















1 






























- 46 


60 


47.6 








1 




4 


■/. 


8 


15 


12 


7 


V 




1 




















































47 


38 


49.8 














•1. 


2 


V 


B 


9 


7 


3 






















































48 


30 


52.6 


















1 


5 


8 


6 


5 


1 


i 


2 


1 














































49 


15 


55.9 


















1 


2 


4 


2 


1 




















































50 


9 


59.8 




















1 


' 


2 




1 


1 


1 


2 


1 










































61 


7 


65.9 
























1 


1 










































1 










52 


3 


70.7 












































































53 


3 


70.3 










































































54 


1 


69.0 








































































55 


1 


50.0 






















1 












































66 






1 






























































67 




































































58 


































































5E 


































































6( 




























































61 










































1 
















1 - 


' 


93.0 


































i 


1 

















353 6-YKAR-OLD GIRLS. 









Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 










Number of children in each S-pound weight group. 








Height 
nearest 
inch. 


her of 
chil- 
dren. 


















I 


1 


1 I 


1 


% 


1 


1 


^ 


1 


1 


1 


1 


I 


1 


I 


1 


1 


I 


1 


1 


s 


s 


^ 


1 


I 


I 


1 


l|l 


i 


i 


I 


\ 














AU 




























































; 






















heights. 


353 


45.5 


1 


4 


11 21 


24 


3» 


37 


63 


47 


29 


28 


16 


10 


6 


7 


2 


2 


4 


1 






1 












1 












1 
















26 


1 


41.0 
















1 




























1 




































27 
























































































28 
























































































29 












1 










































































30 


1 


36.0 














































































31 






















































































32 






















































































33 






















































































34 




























































! 
























35 


1 


37.0 








1 








































































36 






















































































37 


1 


49.0 


















































































38 


1 


30.0 


1 
















































































39 


7 


38.3 




1 


1 


2 


M 1 










1 






























































40 


12 


36.3 




1 


4 


4 








































































41 


17 


41.8 






1 


4 


4 5 












































I 


























42 


41 


40.2 






4 


6 


S 9 


7 




































































43 


29 


42.0 




1 


1 


2 


2 9 








1 






























































44 


47 


43.4 




1 




1 


4] 8 


9 


15 


4 


2 


1 


1 






1 


















































45 


63 


45.3 










3 1 3 


9 


16 


































































48 


48 


46. 1 










\ 3 


7 


13 


































































47 


35 

22 
21 


49.2 














2 


3 


10 
1 


5 


8 


3 




1 


1 


1 


1 


' 














































49 


52.6 










^ 






1 




































50 


6 


52.5 
















1 






1 


2 




2 












1 1 




































51 


3 


63.0 












































1 






























52 


1 


50.0 






















1 






















I 1 


! 




























S3 
M 


S 


65.2 










































_ 




' 




















— 


— 


1 


1 








55 















1 


































































56 
















































































57 


1 


96.0 












































































68 
















































































69 
















































































CO 










































































61 














i 
























1 






























02 














\ 


























i ; 1 \ \ : \ ! '■ : : : '■ 








. 








' 

















































































Constants of height and weight for 6-year-old children. 





















Height (Inches). 


Weight (pounds). 


Correlation 
ratio (n). 


Coeffldsnt of 
correlation 


Reisres- 
sionor 
wdfht 

on 
height. 


So.x. 


Mean. 


Standard 
deviation. 


Meui. 


Standard 
deviation. 


Boys 


45.4 
44.8 


2.77±0.068 
3.21± .081 


47.5 
45.5 


7.76±0.I9O 
7.27± .185 


O.SIOlO.OlOe 
.788± .0136 


0.783±0.013« 
.«75± .0195 


2.l« 
1.52 









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Table XXIII. — Correlation between heights and weights of native white school children in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina 

745 7-YEAR-OLD BOYS. 







Total 


Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 










Number of children in each 2-poun(i weight group. | 




Height 
nearest 
inch. 


num- 
ber of 
chU- 
flren. 














1 




1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


i 


1 


1 


^ 


1 i 


^ 


^ \i 


1 


i 


1 


1 


1 






i 




j 








AU 
























































1 










1 








heights. 


745 


50.4 


1 


7 


8 


29 


49 


73 


89 


91 


112 


81 


60 


50 


32 


24 


13 


13 


4 


4 


2 












1 


1 




1 














— 




31 


1 


57.0 
























1 




















































32 














































































33 


















































































34 
















































































35 














































































36 


1 


60.0 




























1 
































1 ' ' 














37 


1 


48.0 
















1 


























































38 


















































































39 


2 


61.5 


























1 






1 






























1 
















40 


8 


39.9 




2 


1 


3 


1 


1 


















































1 
















41 


1 


37.0 




1 




























































1 










42 


13 


42.3 




2 


1 




6 


1 


2 


1 
















































] 










S 


18 


42.7 




1 


3 




X 


3 


2 




1 










































1 




1 








• 


61 


45.2 




1 




10 


10 


10 


16 


6 


6 


1 






1 


































1 1 




1 










45 


101 


46.0 






3 


9 


15 


26 


16 


19 


5 


2 


3 


1 








2 












1 
























46 


104 


47.9 








6 


.'. 


15 


24 


20 


IS 


8 


•■> 


2 


1 










































47 


128 


50.7 








1 


2 


11 


14 


19 


37 


23 


10 


5 


3 










1 


1 
















1 














48 


127 


51.6 


1 








1 


4 


12 


21 


2.-I 


24 


16 


13 


.1 


3 


1 


1 












1 


























49 


82 


55.1 










1 


1 


3 


3 


12 


13 


14 


10 


12 


^ 


2 


4 




1 








1 


























60 


42 


67.5 


















3 


5 


6 


S 


« 


8 


4 


1 


1 










1 












I 














51 


29 


.58. 6 
















1 


2 


4 


5 


5 


2 


2 


2 


l! 




1 


1 




















1 














52 


16 


69.9 


















3 






2 




4 








1 






















I \ 














63 


5 


58.6 






















1 


1 


1 


1 


1 




























1 














54 


1 


56.0 
























1 




























1 




1 1 














55 


3 


61.7 












1 












1 


























1 
























56 
































































I 1 
















57 


















































































58 


















































































59 


1 


53.0 














































































60 


















































































61 






i 
1 











































































735 7-YEAR-OLD GIRLS. 



Height 
nearest 
inch. 


Total 

ber of 
Chil- 
dren. 


Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 


Number of children in each 2-pound weight group. 


1 


1 


1 




1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


in 


1 


I 


1 


1 


1 


i 


1 


1 


3 


1 


i 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 




















All 


















































































heights. 


735 


48.3 


3 


10 


21 


58 


60 


99 


103 


103 


93 


66 


39 


22 


18 


19 


6 


8 






2 


1 


2 




1 


1 






























31 


















































































32 


















































































33 


















































































34 


















































































35 












































1 1 






























36 


1 


56.0 
























1 
















III 




























37 












































I 1 




























38 


2 


47.0 












1 




1 
























































39 














i 




















1 






1 






























40 


1 


36.0 




1 
















































■ 
















41 


6 


40.3 




1 


1 


2 


1 


1 


























1 














1 




















42 


24 


42.4 




2 


3 


K 


3 


3 


•t 


1 


2 






















































43 


42 


41.6 


2 


3 


6 


11 


10 


5 


■/ 


1 


1 
























































44 


62 


44.0 


1 




6 


8 


9 


20 


8 


7 


2 
























































45 


101 


44.5 




3 


4 


15 


12 


32 


16 


11 


4 




1 




































1 












46 


122 


46.8 








7 


15 


21 


29 


25 


15 




1 






1 










































47 


129 


48.8 






1 


5 


.S 


II 


29 


311 


21) 


11 


11 


3 


1 


1 


1 








































48 


99 


50.8 










3 


4 


14 


18 


2.1 


16 


6 


4 


6 


2 


1 


1 






































49 


69 


63.2 












1 


2 


8 


16 


17 


7 


5 


7 


3 


I 


2 






































50 


36 


55.4 










1 


1 1 


1 


5 




a 


5 


? 


3 


1 


2 
























1 












51 


20 


56.2 










1 






•> 




4 


2 


2 


5 


1 












1 














1 












52 
53 


9 
5 


68.7 
63.8 
















1 




1 


1 

1 


1 


1 




2 






1 












































54 


5 


6S.6] j 


\ 1 




i 1 1 










1 


1 
















1 




















56 






1 1 




1 




































1 ' 










56 


1 


75.0 
































1 
















57 






1 














































58 












, 1 












































59 






1 


1 




1 ' 1 












































1)0 






























, 
















■ 














61 


1 


61.0 




1 












1 








i 








! 


i 





























Coustants ot height and weight for 7-year-oId children. 





Height (incbes). Weight (pounds). 


Conelatlon 
ratio (■,). 


Coeffldent of 

correlation 

(r). 


Regres- 


Sex. 


Mean. 


Standard, 
deviation. 


Mean. 


Standard. 
de\iatloo. 


welght 
hefght. 




4<.8 
46.6 


2.ss±ao>s 

2.S3± .044 


50.4 
48.3 


«.5<±0.115 

«.26± .110 


0.704±0.012S 

.r2i± .0118 


0.6a3±a(U57 
.6T9± .0134 




Girls 


1.68 





lOBTM*— 22. (Face P.M.) No. 2 



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68-88 










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69-«9 1 


o 








i9-99 1 


n 








?9-f9 1 


« 
■* 








89-29 1 


00 

CO 








T9-09 1 


g 








65-8? 1 


to 








is-9e 1 


TO 

oc 








es-te 1 


(M 








65-25 1 


c 
o 








15-05 1 


§ 








6t-8^ 1 


o 

00 








Lf-9f 1 


to 








5t-W 1 










£^-^» 1 


•o 








\f-Of 1 


o 








6S-8S 


m 










ie-98 1 


N 










5c-^e 1 












££-28 ! 












I£-0£ 












62-82 












12-92 








i 

1 


Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 












1 


Total 
number 
of chil- 
dren. 


3 

05 










Height, 
nearest 
Inch. 




oc 























So 

fefl 

« 2 


SfgM 


s 


«5 




Coeflacient of 
correlation 


So 

o 

-H-H 

S2 

tot^ 

d 


Correlation 
ratio (v). 


8S 

So 

d 

-H-H 

00 w 

.-< »t^ 
d 


i 
o 

ft 

i 
1 


S.2 
■2 ^ 


d 
-H-H 

TOO) 

.-H TO 


1 


SS5 


1 

o 
G 

1 
1 


1§ 

03 > 


oo 

d 
-H-H 


i 


t»>o 

OCOO 




02 


> 

c 

a 







a •=. 



■" 5 W 



Table XXIV .^Correlation between heights and weights of native white school children in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina^ and South Carolina. 

904 8-YEAB-OLD BOYS. 



Height, 
nearest 
inch. 



Total 
number 
of chil- 
dren. 



Mean 
weight 
at each 



Number of children in each 2-pound weight group. 



Height, 
inch. 


Total 
number 
of chil- 
dren. 


Mean 
weigh! 
at each 
height. 


Number of children in each 2-pound weight group. 


i 


1 


i 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


i 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


t 


1 


1 


1 


1 


s 


1 


I 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 




1 


1 




1 


- 


- 


— 


All 
heights. 


854 


52.4 


1 






1 


2 




6 


32 


29 


61 


72 


95 


122 


96 


92 


60 


53 


47 


27 


22 


10 


10 


5 


3 


2 






2 




1 




38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 


1 

2 
1 
11 
23 


55.0 

45.0 
35.0 
41.4 
42.8 










1 




2 


5 
10 


2 


2 

1 

4 


1 
2 


2 






1 






























■ 
















45 
46 
47 
48 
49 


42 
87 
123 
163 
136 


44.6 
46.8 
49.4 
51.0 
53.2 


1 








1 




2 

1 
1 


7 
6 
1 

2 
1 


10 
7 

4 
1 


8 
16 
13 
U 

4 


3 
22 
14 
22 

6 


4 

16 
26 
28 
14 


4 
12 
24 
35 
28 


2 
3 

22 
22 
21 


2 
11 
19 
25 


1 
2 
11 
15 


2 
5 
9 


1 
1 
2 
1 
8 


1 
2 


4 
1 


2 








1 




























60 
51 
62 
53 

54 


96 
69 
63 
29 
9 


58.0 
57.5 
61.1 
60.7 
63.2 








1 












1 
1 


1 
1 


3 
1 


14 
3 

1 

1 


16 
9 
1 


17 
12 
2 
3 


18 
6 
5 

2 


9 
10 
12 
5 
1 


6 
12 
11 

4 


2 
5 
11 
6 


1 

3 
5 
2 


2 
1 
2 
1 
2 


3 
1 
3 
2 


2 
3 


1 
1 








1 














1 


— 


— 


— 


56 
56 
57 
58 
59 


3 
3 

2 
1 


78.3 
59.3 

88.5 
80.0 
























1 












1 








1 




1 


1 






1 


1 




1 




1 






i 






















! 




















































































































































































































' 












1 







Constants of height and weight for 8-year-old children. 





Height (inches). Weight (pounds). 


Correlation 
ratio (v). 


Cocfflcient of 
correlation 

(r). 


Regres- 


Se.x. 


Mean. 


Standard „.„„ 
deviation. 1 *^®"- 


Standard 
deviation. 


weight 
height. 




48.8 
48.5 


2.54±0.(M0 54.5 
2.47± .040 52.4 


7.13±0.113 
7.39± .121 


0.718± 0.0109 
.751± .0101 


0.682±O.0I2O 
.719± .0111 


1.91 
2.15 


Qirls 





109764°— 22. (Face p. 36.) No. 3 



m^\ 



CQ 



& 

I 

o 
p. 

•g 

g 

i 

2 
2 

o 
o 

V 

.Q 
"A 








i 1 








1 1 








1 


1 








1 










1 






U. 










n 


1 




1 1 










1 








1 










1 


1 




1 










1 












1 












90HK)I 






- 


eoi-ioT 










OOt-86 


- 1 


i-H 


1 


i6-56 










^6-26 


N 






16-68 


1 IM 1 '^ "^ "* 




88-98 


1 C-) 1 e^ rt 


'"' 


58-68 


1 " 




- 


•-1 IN 


B8-08 


>o 




1 ^ ^ 


IN (N 




6i-ii 


-»< ' -<-H<M 


-* 




9i-^i 


s 




-HCO-^rJl 


lN(Nl-lrH 





£i-Ti 


s 




(M >0 u:>CD 


^-..H-H 


Oi-89 


s 




C<3 00O>Tt<00 


■*■* 


i:9-S9 


05 




M»OCOOOi 1 M< CO ^ 




^■9-29 


(N 


f1 COCSi -^(N i;© 

I— 1 t-( CS r-H 


CO 




W-65 


§ 




-HCOCO.-I rt 


-^ 




8S-99 


§ 




IN lOOSt^i-l 


- 




es-£s 


§ 




CO CO fH 1 






S9-0S 


t^ 




CO .-< 


- 


6^-i^ 


CO 




OICO 






9*-ft 


00 




-^ 




CT-Tt 


- 






1 


0^-8S 


- 


' 








ie-SE 












Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 


CD 


i 


OSCD OCO O 


ooooocq o 


86.0 
106.0 


O C30(N -.t CO 
iC»OCDCD CO 




Total 
number 
of chil- 
dren. 


•30 




coSc^t~u3 


OCOCDU5CJ 


-H ,-4 


J3 S r-" 






Ss;s?s?s 


S5g5^SS 


23S-2 




















.^ 




IN 


S 1 


§§-s§| 


-4ei 


rt«s= .S 




o _, 


ent^ 








fflcieni 
rrelatio 

ir). 


oo 


-H-H 


eg 




o" 


d ■ 










g • 










s <=• 


oo 




«2 






-H-H 




^i 


3!S 




p 2 


t-t~ 




d * 








"w 


•H c 




O 

ft 


11 


d * 
■H-H 










^- 


coo 


^ 


1 


g's 






coco 


X 


•2« 


ss 


.g 




d ■ 
-H-H 




M.O 


IN<N 








•a 












c 


t^iO 


w 


s 

s 


ss 




!«! 




















M 












>.^ 






o.!a 






n 


O 


I 



?0-1?T 



i S. I 



XXV. — Correlation betu 



I heights and weights of native white school children in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. 
889 9-YEAR-OLD BOYS. 



Height, 
nearest 
inch. 


Total 
number 
of chil- 
dren. 


Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 


Number of children in each 3-pound weight group. 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


I 


o 


E3 


1 


s 


5 


3 


2 


2 


2 


I 


s 

I 


s 

3 


s 




























All 
heights. 


889 


69.6 




1 


1 


13 


39 


17 


129 


129 


120 


112 


93 


66 


29 


26 


4 




1 






























— 


23 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 


1 


03.0 




















1 
























































35 
36 
37 
38 
39 


1 

I 


4S.0 
65.0 










1 












1 
























































40 
41 
42 
43 
44 


1 

1 

1 


61.0 
63.0 

44.0 








1 










1 


1 


























































45 
46 
47 
48 
49 


8 
18 
43 
S3 
120 


46,5 
49.9 
521 
62.8 
64.3 




1 


1 


3 
4 
2 
5 
2 


2 
6 
7 
8 
9 


2 
3 
19 
32 
37 


3 
7 

24 
29 


2 
4 
4 
26 


2 
6 
9 


3 

4 


1 
2 




1 




















































SO 
61 
62 
53 
64 


137 
140 
127 
96 
63 


57.2 
59.9 
62 5 
65.4 
68.2 








1 


3 

2 

1 


17 
5 
1 

1 


34 
20 
8 
2 


31 
31 
19 
7 
4 


35 
30 
22 
10 
3 


8 
28 
35 
22 

9 


4 
21 
25 
20 
14 


21 
12 


4 

I 
1 
6 
9 


1 
4 
6 
7 


1 


1 
1 
1 


2 


1 








1 


































55 
.56 
57 

58 
59 


31 
9 
5 
1 

1 


71.7 
75.2 
71.4 
89.0 
55.0 














1 
1 


1 


1 


1 


4 

1 


8 
1 
2 


7 
1 


5 
2 


3 


2 


1 


1 


I 


1 

1 




















































60 

61 1 

02 1 

"1 


74.0 
59.0 


1 
















^ 










1 


























1 

1 





















900 9-YEAE-OLD QIRLS. 



Height, 
nearest 
inch. 


Total 
number 
otchU- 

dren. 


Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 


Number of children in each 3-pound weight group. 




1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


i 


1 


1 


1 


2 


1 


K 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


s 


s 
















— 


— 


- 


— 


— 


— 




All 
heights. 


900 


58.0 


1 


1 


18 


42 


69 


122 


151 


107 


127 


78 


62 


.52 


26 


15 


5 


7 


4 


4 


3 




1 


1 




4 




















28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 


1 


50.0 












1 




































































35 
36 
37 
3S 
39 




















































































40 
41 
42 
43 
44 


1 
2 

3 


80.0 
59.5 

45.0 






1 


1 


1 




1 






1 












1 
















































46 
46 
47 
48 
49 


9 
30 
66 
91 
116 


47.9 
47.0 
49.5 
51.2 
M.l 


1 


1 


9 
6 

1 


6 
8 
12 
10 
4 


5 
13 
21 
17 


1 
4 
12 
23 
27 


1 
2 
5 
IS 
30 


1 
1 
3 
11 
16 


1 
4 
15 


1 
1 

9. 


1 
2 
1 


1 
1 


1 
















1 


















1 

t 












































































50 
51 
52 
53 
54 


138 
164 
122 
72 
51 


55.9 
58.6 
62.0 
64.3 
66.0 








1 


9 
3 


30 
16 
5 
1 
1 


37 
37 
10 
7 
3 


22 
25 
19 
7 

1 


19 
34 
31 
12 
10 


13 
12 
24 
12 
6 


3 
15 
13 
10 

9 


3 

8 
9 
14 

8 


2 
5 
5 
6 


1 
3 
1 

4 


1 
1 
2 


1 
1 


1 


2 


1 






1 
















i 


















65 
56 
57 
58 
59 


26 
13 
6 
5 
2 


71.0 
74.8 
79.8 
68.2 
S5,0 












1 




1 


1 


6 


4 

3 

1 


4 
4 


4 

1 

1 


2 
2 

1 
1 


1 


2 
2 


1 
2 


1 


1 

1 










1 
1 
1 
































60 
61 
62 
63 


1 


86.0 
105.0 


















I 
















1 












1 












1 
1 



















Constants of height and wei^t for 9-7ear-old children. 





Height (inches). 


Weight (pounds). 


Correlation 
ratio (i,). 


Coefficient of 
correlation 

(r). 


Regres- 


Sex. 


Mean. 


Standard 
deviation. 


Mean. 


Standard 
deviation. 


weight 
height. 




50.7 
60.5 


2.66:1:0.043 
2.69± .043 


69.6 
68.0 


7.93±0.12S 
9.24± .147 


0.744±a0101 
.724± .0107 


0.643±0.ai33 ! 1.92 




.661± .0127 227 









199764°— 22. (Face p. 38.) No. 4 



" 1 

1 

I 

i 

I- 



§ 
1 

o 

a 
a 

o 
"S 

1 


































































oei-szi 




- 






IZISZI 










f'Zl-ZZl 




' 






ISI-6II 










811-911 










en-en 






-^ 




211-011 










60I-Z0I 


- 


- 






90I-W)I 




- 


-^ 




fiOI-TOT 










001-86 


- 


-HIM 






i6-S6 


■^ 


-< 


-« 




1-6-26 


^ 


-< 




- 


16-68 


>o 


(M 


- 




88-98 


x 




c« 




S8-E8 


■* 


o-*c^ 






28-08 


S 


M<N 






6L-LI 


C<5 


M« rH 






9i-fi 


f2 


3) 


^ ^ 




gi-Ti 


s 


^<(^^ 






0Z,-89 


00 


^-'-' 






Z,9-59 


00 


--- 


- 




f9-29 


5 


- - 






19-65 


s 


-- 






85-^5 


s 


1 






55-es 


g 








25-05 


55 


- 






6^-:?- 


M 








9f-W 


00 








Et-Tt ! 








o^-«e 










i8-9€ 










Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 




0-C.OCO 


93.7 
96.0 
76.0 
66.0 


o 


Total 
number 
of chil- 
dren. 


CO 

3> 


-;?g^"' 


OrH^—l 




Height, 

nearest 

inch. 


42 


^sss 


CD O CO O CO 


ss 



1 








." U- .LJ 




Regres 
sion 
weigh 

on 
height 


CJCS 




»^ 


e<5K5 


°a 






■^ o 






c5 * 
-H-H 


gg 


|s 


o ■ 




"tiO 


a . 










•.3 p 


d ■ 


"a o 


+I-H 




005 






=5 • 








^ 


■sg 




•V 


§.2 


d * 


o 

ft 


^^ 


-H-H 




Old 














ja 










•^ 
^ 


g 


(M o 


s 


CD CO 








^ 


■2 « 


ss 


.4 


fl.S 
o3 > 


d 
-H-H 


.g 


S§? 




Wt3 


Niri 








•a 










<D 


d 




w 


S 
S 




x' 








<D 








m 










>.-s 1 




o.!a 1 






n 


o 


1 



Table XXVI. — Correlation between heights and weights of native white school children in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. 

973.— 10-YEAR OLD BOYS. 



Height, 
nearest 
inch. 


Total 
number 
ot chil- 
dren. 


Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 


Number ot children In each 3-pound weight group . 1 

. — . 1 




1 


5! 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


I 


1 


1 


S 


1 


" 
S 


1 


1 


1 


^ 


1 


1 


g 


i 


s 


i 
^ 


1 


t 


I 


1 


i 


s 
^ 




— 


— 


— 




— 


— 


AU 
heights. 


973 


65.2 


1 






8 


13 


47 


59 


86 


127 


143 


128 


128 


63 


73 


33 


27 


14 


8 


5 


4 


4 


1 






1 












3.5 
36 
37 
38 
39 


1 


65.0 






















1 






















































— 


40 
41 
42 
43 

44 


1 

1 


37.0 
45.0 


1 






1 




































































4.5 
46 
47 
4S 
49 


3 
9 
13 


45.0 
50.2 
51.6 
55.1 
55.4 








3 

2 
2 


1 
2 
3 

4 


4 
3 
8 
11 


1 
4 
8 
8 


1 
6 
9 


1 
1 
2 

8 


4 


1 












1 




































1 






50 
51 
52 
53 
54 


78 
140 
156 
154 
141 


58. 4 
60.7 
64.0 
66.5 
68. 2 










1 
1 

1 


11 
5 
2 
2 

1 


12 
15 
5 
1 
2 


15 
30 
17 

6 


16 
27 
33 
23 
12 


12 
36 
39 
30 
13 


8 
11 
22 
36 
32 


2 
10 
21 
31 
33 


2 
8 
16 
14 


1 
1 
4 
7 
13 


1 
6 
6 


2 
1 
2 
2 


3 


1 


2 


2 


1 




























1 






55 
56 
67 
58 
59 


90 
58 
31 
9 
7 


71.6 
74.5 
77.9 
76.7 
84.4 














3 


1 
1 


2 
2 


5 
2 
2 


10 
4 

1 

1 


21 
8 

1 


11 
8 
3 
1 


21 
15 
8 
1 
1 


5 
9 
4 
1 

1 


6 
3 
5 
2 

1 


4 
2 
3 

1 


2 
2 
1 

1 


1 
2 


1 
1 


1 
1 


1 






1 


























60 
61 
62 
63 
64 


1 
2 


79.0 
95.0 

72.5 






















1 


1 




1 




3 




1 






1 


























) 






65 
66 










1 
i 



































































ID-YEAR OLD GIRLS. 





Height, 
nearest 
inch. 


Total 
number 
of chil- 
dren. 


Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 


Number of children in each 3-poimd weight group. 




1 


o 


1 


1 


2 


1 


100 


107 


1 
136 


107 


i 


p 


S2 


I 


e; 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


s 

i 


2 


S 

X 

o 


2 


S 


2 


2 


S 


i 




I 


















AU 
heights. 


936 


64.0 




1 


5 


11 


18 


57 


104 


91 


51 


61 


16 


11 


21 


12 


5 


6 


5 


3 




4 


1 




1 




1 






1 


















35 
36 
37 
38 
39 


1 


50.0 












1 






































































40 
41 
42 
43 
44 


2 
3 


53.5 
61.3 




1 








1 


1 


1 




















1 














































46 
46 
47 
48 
49 


4 
8 
11 
35 
50 


60.8 
45. S 
50.8 
52.7 
54.7 






3 

1 
1 


3 

1 
4 

1 


1 
3 
5 
3 


1 

4 
5 
10 


1 
1 
1 

12 
15 


2 
4 
10 


3 
6 


2 


2 


1 


1 
1 
























































50 
51 
52 
63 
54 


79 
140 
162 
136 
115 


57.0 
59.5 
62.1 
63.6 
69.5 








1 
1 


2 
3 

1 


13 
10 
5 
5 


19 
15 
20 
13 
1 


17 
23 
21 
15 
7 


14 
46 
35 
18 
6 


6 
IS 
31 
27 
13 


7 
8 
18 
23 
21 


6 
15 
14 
27 


1 
1 
7 
7 
12 


4 
3 
8 
16 


3 
2 


2 
2 


1 
4 


1 
1 




1 
1 
1 


1 
1 






1 










1 
























65 
66 


66 
66 


70.0 
73.9 












1 


' 


2 


3 

4 


8 


14 
9 


14 
6 


7 
10 


9 
10 


2 
4 


1 
2 


5 


4 
2 


1 
1 


I 


1 






1- 












1 


















M 


1 


^■.a 










> 


1 




1 


' 




1 


^ 


2 


' 


" 




' 


^ 






' 










' 






j 








60 
61 
62 
63 
64 




1 
1 
1 


93.7 
96.0 
76.0 
66.0 






















1 






1 
1 








2 


1 




1 






1 






1 


























65 
66 


1 


94.0 








































1 







































Constants of height and weight tor 10-year-oId children. 





Height (inches). 


Weight (pounds). 


Correlation 
ratio (,). 


Coefficient of 

correlation 

(r). 


Regres- 


Sex. 


Mean. 


Standard 
de\iation. 


Mean. 


Standard 
deviation. 


welght 
height. 




62.6 
52.6 


Z64±0.Oi0 
2.S3± .044 


65.2 
64.0 


9.09±0.139 
10.79± .168 


0.720±0.0104 
.709± .0110 


0.693i: 0.0113 
.660± .0125 


2.38 
2.52 


Girls 





109704"— 22. (Face p. 36.) No. 5 






- 1- cs 



d 

3 

! 

o 
p. 

1 

a> 

C 
C 

(U 

1 

"o 
k. 
a- 


1 1 


J 1 


1 




1 




i 


1 






1 


1 1 








1 










IZI-«9I 1 
i9l-19t 







1 


- 








£91-091 






6GX-9SI j 




1 






SSI-ZST ! 






1 1 


lSX-8?-! 






-' 




iH-tl-T 1 










£H-0f-I 1 






6£I-9£I 1 




1 




5£T-2£I 1 








\z\-^z\ 








iz\-^z\ i 






Esi-oei 1 


- 




-^ 


61MIT 1 




'* 






eii-sii 1 


- 


(N — 1 -H .-( 




I 11-801 1 




0« -H 


'^ 




iOI-fOl 1 


•* 




^ 


£01-001 1 


^ 


—1 CO 




66-96 1 


» 




-o — «-< 




c6-g6 1 


CO 




- CO «« CO ^co 




16-88 1 






-•05«OC<5 


^^ 




i8-t8 1 


■* 


■50"*CO 


lO-Hrt 






-^ 




88-08 1 
Oi-9i 1 




.;>--j50t~ 




-cosCO ■* -1 




'^.l-Zl 


s 


~j.o.co 


m 


-' 


Ti-89 1 


?:; 


5=c«-. 


~ 




i9-t9 1 
89-09 1 






^t^coco 


- 




CIO 






65-9S 1 


or 








9S-SS 1 


S 


1 




-^ 


i^-st- 1 


o 


1 






Vr^\ ' 


=o 








i 85-0^ 1 










weight 
at each 
height. 


t- 


- 


(COCO® 


93.3 
94.8 
100.3 
90.0 
72.0 


S3 




5 « 2 


s 


«?8S53 


mm-* CO CO 


CO 




3 d 


^1 

2 


^SoSS 


I 


«5 



egres- 
on of 
eight 
on 
eight. 


coci 






«K& XI 




^ 


0"0 


°c 






•ti o 


00 




c5 * 
-H-H 


Ig^ 


t^i^ 




too 





oco 


CI . 








00 


•Ic 


-H-H 


£3 


SS 


t^to 





d 






to-^ 


.-i 


■2 B 


rt CO 


tS 








+1+1 


a 


CO 00 


w^ 


OC<l 








'S 










■^ 
^ 


g 


1-1 CO 


s 










^ 


■p « 


ss 








^ 


11 


+1+1 


.9 


ss 




CO-o 


coco 








Xi 






















W 




.rfrj* 








S 




X 








a 


















^•S 




o.tj 






K 


C 


1 



Table XXVII. — Correlation between heights arid weights of native white school children in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. 

871 11-YEAR OLD BOYS. 



Height, 
nearest 
inch. 



Total 
dumber 
of chil- 
dren. 



Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 



Number of children in each 4-pound weight group. 



^U 



S47 11-YEAR OLD GIRLS. 



Height, 
nearest 



Total 
number 

dren. 



heights. I 847 



Number of children in each 4-pound weight group. 



93.3 
94. S 
100.3 
90.0 
72.0 



Constants of height and weight for ll-year-old children. 





Height (inches). 


Weight (pounds). 


Correlation 
ratio (,). 


Coefficient of 

correlation 

(r). 


Regres- 
sion of 
weight 

height. 


Sev. 


Mean. 


Standard 
deviation. 


Mean. 


Standard 
deviation. 




54.3 
54.0 


2.82±0.(H6 
3.00± .049 


71.1 
70.3 


10.30±0.166 
12.S7± .211 


a 726 ±0.0108 
.095± .0120 


0.657±0.0130 
.647± .0135 




Girls 


2.79 





in97(i4"— 22. (Face p. 36.) No. 6 



h ^ 



Si 



o 



CQ 













d 
1 
1 

c 
g 

Jg 

•a 
a 

u 

O 
fc 










1 










1 






















1 


1 








































1 




1 










1 




1 




























1 1 






- 








1 










fsi-oei 








- 






6^T-S1^I 














tl^I-WT 










eei-esT 


1 






tST-OST 


1 '^ 








eet-sei 


m 






f^si-oei 


•^ 




1 


6TT-5n 


1 '^ 








?'TT-OTT 


t~ 










60I-50T 


■^ 












tOT-OOT 


h- 










66-56 


i o 

1 " 










T-6-06 


s 










68-!: 8 


1 g 










1'8-08 


lO 










U-^i 


i 










n-oi 


g 










69-59 


§ 










W-09 


lO 










65-55 












T'5-OS 


■<f 










6?-5f 












tf-OT- 












Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 


o 










Total 
number 
of chil- 
dren. 


s 










« s.g 




•^ 


) t^ QO OS 
5 :©<£) CO 















( .. 






S5 


Regre 
sion 
weigh 

on 
height 


c^ « 




,^ 


.HO 




°a 






*i o 


00 










.2^^ 
P"^ 


-H-41 




8S 




i° 









rt") 




9 • 
















3- 
■3 


c5 * 




-H-H 




^of 


too 




t^r~ 




o"" 


■ 






wo 


■^ 


^S 


<N C>> 


a 






■ 

-H-H 




03 t- 


5S 


4j> 






i-H ?H 


J3 












s 




d 


01^ 


^ 




s 

s 


□0 Oi 














CO .-^ 


ss 

■ 
-H-H 


g 






S8 
coco 










Si 








tuo 








» 




fl 




a 




1 


Sfe 




>< 










a> 










OQ 


















^ 










1 


» 





J 



r 



Table XXVIII. — Correlation between, heights and weights of native white school children in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. 

781 12-YBAR OLD BOYS. 















Number of children in each .5-ponnd weight prroup. 




Height. 


Total 
number 


Me.in 
























































































ot chil- 




























?! 


« 


^ 


s 


C4 


^ 


CO 


■A 


^ 




io 


































dren. 


height. 


I 


1 


I 


s 


I 


I 


s 


S 


t 


I 


i 


I 


i 


i 


i 


'i 


l 


i 


k 


i 


'i 


'i 


i 






















— 


— 


— 


— 


— 


All 








































































heights. 


781 


7S.0 






4 


12 


64 


108 


160 


136 


115 


60 


51 


30 


17 


4 


7 


4 


4 


3 


2 


1 






































44 


1 


70.0 














































































45 


















































































46 


2 


55.5 






1 


1 






































































47 


1 


79.0 
















1 






























































48 


















































































49 


3 


61.7 






1 


1 






1 
































































50 


6 


64. S 






1 


1 


?. 


1 








1 


























































51 


20 


65.4 










8 


2 


2 


1 


1 






1 






















































62 


41 


66.4 








V 


13 


15 


8 


1 


•/. 




























































53 


62 


68.1 








•> 


16 


IS 


IS 


6 


1 




1 
























































54 


89 


70.8 






1 




7 


27 


36 


11 


6 


2 


























































55 


108 


73 1 




1 







23 


37 


26 


8 


6 


2 
























1 




1 
























56 


112 


T7.6 










l.i 


2.T 


311 


22 


13 


4 


2 




1 
















































57 


87 


79.8 










3 


Hi 


■« 


'^1 


1(1 


3 


2 


2 












1 






































58 


77 


81.8 








1 


4 


9 


15 


22 


13 


7 


3 


2 




1 














































59 


71 


87.0 








1 




4 


12 


21 


7 


13 


4 


."i 






■I 


1 






1 


















1 
















60 


33 


87. .i 










3 


2 


5 


10 


6 


6 


1 


r 














1 


1 


1 














1 










61 


35 


92. S 












2 


7 


4 


10 


.■■. 


4 


1 


•i 






1 










































62 


16 


100.3 
















2 


4 


4 


2 


1 






2 


1 










































63 


6 


105.2 


















1 


1 


1 




■I 




1 












































64 


4 


106.5 










1 






1 




1 






1 








1 








































65 


3 


118.7 




1 
























1 


1 




1 










































66 


1 


115.0 






























1 














































67 


1 


96.0 






















1 






















































6S 
















































































69 


1 


90.0 




1 
















1 
































































! 

























































































































































805 12-YEAR OI/D GIRLS. 





Height, 
nearest 
inch. 


Total 

of chil- 
dren. 


Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 


Number ot children in each 5-pound weight group. 


1 




1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


S 


1 


1 


I 


1 


3 
S 


1 
13 


3 


3 


i 




i 


I 


3 
i 


1 


i 






1 
i 




























All 
heights. 


805 


79.7 


2 


1 


8 


22 


63 


110 


116 


117 


92 


107 


60 


44 


24 


13 


11 


4 


3 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 






: 




























44 

45 
46 
47 
48 
49 


1 
1 

2 


44.0 
56.0 

62.5 


1 




1 


1 






1 




































1 




























60 
51 
52 
53 

64 


9 
13 
27 
40 
83 


66.0 
62 6 
61.7 
67.5 
69.0 


1 


1 


1 
2 
3 


2 
3 
6 
4 
3 


3 

8 
12 
18 


1 
1 
10 

11 

27 


1 
1 

7 
19 


1 

1 

2 ; 3 

8 1 4 


2 

1 

1 
4 


























































55 
66 
67 
68 
59 


83 
83 
95 
101 
100 


71.1 
74.5 
79.4 
82.4 
87.0 






1 


3 


11 
4 
3 
3 


24 
19 
8 
5 
2 


24 
21 
21 
16 
2 


7 

22 
19 
22 
21 


7 
9 
18 
14 
18 


6 1 1 
5 1 
10 ' 4 
16 ; 9 
26 1 9 


2 
1 
6 
13 


3 
3 
2 


1 
2 


1 
2 


1 

2 




1 














































60 
61 
62 
63 
64 


74 
41 
29 
14 


89.5 
93.6 
99.4 
100.2 
107.6 










1 


1 

1 


2 
1 


13 
2 


11 
4 
1 
2 


16 
7 
3 
4 


10 
9 
7 


6 

7 
7 
1 
1 


5 
6 
2 
1 
2 


1 
2 
2 


3 
1 
3 

1 


3 
2 
2 
1 


2 

1 


1 

1 


1 


1 


1 


1 




































65 


2 


113.5 






























2 






























1 1 
















68 
69 


' 
















































' 





































































































































































































Constants of height and weight for 12-year-old children. 





Height Cinches). 


Weight (pounds). 


Correlation 
ratio (ij). 


Coefficient of 

correlation 

(r). 


Regres- 


Sex. 


Mean. 


Standard 
deviation. 


Mean. 


Standard 
deviation. 


weighf 
height. 




56.2 
57.0 


3.03±0.052 
3.02± .051 


78.0 
79.7 


I2.43±0.212 
14.S5± .250 


0.736±0.0111 
.719± .0115 


0. 706±0. 0121 
.703± .0120 




Girls 


3.44 



I09764°— 22. (race p. 36.) No. 7 



s 




ffX-O^l 
6EI-SST 



fST-oei 



62I-52T 



izi-ozx 



6n-^TT 



60T-S0T 



tOT-OOI 



f6-06 



6i-^i 



n-OL 



69-59 



^9-09 



65-59 



w-os 



61-Sl' 






K 



<!.£f 



1-* o 



g- = 



1 










Regre 
sion 
weigh 

on 
height 


mn 


«.-« 


t^-H 


°fl 






■s <= 










c3 ■ 
-H-H 


t-Ol 




coo 

d 




lO DC 


g . 








"3 o 


c5 ■ 
-tl-H 




Ol^ 


o2 






O 


d 






.Qt^ 


-j. 


"S a 


??a 










''3'S 


-H-H 


o 

a. 


03 > 


S5< 


^ 




r-H W 






M 


d 


^t^ 


^ 




§g 




■s^ 


II 


5 


^^ 


d • 
4)-H 


a 


03 > 


S2 








"S 










■® 


c5 




W 


1 


lOiO 




















^^•S 1 




c: .!a 1 




1 


W 


o 


1 



as g- 



rS 



XXIX. — Correlation between heights and weights of native while school children in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. 

679 13-YEAB OLD BOYS. 



Height, 
nearest 
inch. 


Total 
number 
of chil- 
dren. 


Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 


Number of children in each 5-pound weight group. 




9 


1 


1 


1 


1 


^ 
^ 




S8 


1 


1 


1 


o 


s 

i 


S 


z 


i 


1 


i 


i 


9! 

i 


1 


i 
























1 
1 










All 
heights. 


679 


85.1 


1 


1 


3 


21 


33 


62 


113 


116 


116 


72 


47 


35 


29 


12 


10 


6 


1 




1 








































46 
48 
47 
48 
.49 


1 
1 


81.0 
87.0 
















1 


1 


















































1 










50 
51 
52 
53 
54 


5 
3 
11 
17 
26 


77.0 
67.0 
65.9 
67.4 
73.7 




1 


1 


1 
2 

6 
3 


1 

5 
7 


3 
2 
5 


1 

1 

1 




2 
3 


1 

1 


1 


1 


1 










































1 
i 










65 
56 
57 
58 
59 


53 
85 
101 
101 
82 


74.8 1 
78.4 1 
82.1 1 
84.0 
87.4 




1 


3 

1 


7 
7 
4 
1 


16 
19 
9 
6 
1 


17 
28 
24 
22 
9 


5 

14 
27 
2S 
21 


4 
9 
19 
20 
24 


4 
8 
7 
13 


1 
1 

5 
7 


1 
3 
3 
3 


1 
2 


1 

1 
2 


1 
















































60 
61 
62 
63 
64 


73 
39 
35 
26 
11 


91.2 
94.8 
99.1 
104.3 
101.2 










1 


1 


2 
1 


11 
3 

I 


19 
4 
5 
2 
1 


20 
14 
3 
2 


9 
4 
8 
4 
2 


5 
6 
9 
2 
1 


3 
5 
4 
9 
3 


2 

1 
5 
3 


2 

1 


3 
1 






1 






































65 
66 
67 
68 
69 


6 

1 
1 


113.3 
123.0 
100.0 






















1 


2 


1 


2 


1 


1 












i 






























70 


1 


116.0 




























1 


















































1 






j_ 













: 














69 


5 13 


YE 


AR 


OLI 


) G 


RLt 


_ 


1 


■ 


I 


1 


i 


■ 


m 


m 


m 




m 


. . 


i 


mm 


m 





Height, 
nearest 
inch. 


Total 
number 
of ciiil- 

dren. 


Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 


Number of cliildren in each 5-pound weight group. 










1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


86 


8S 


85 


1 
73 


86 


3 

i 

67 


40 


20 


3 


1 


i 


3 
i 


3 


1 


1 


i 
1 




































All 
heights. 


695 


89.7 


1 


3 


7 


24 


27 


a 


18 


17 


6 


6 


4 


1 


2 
















j 


1 
















45 
46 
47 
48 
49 




























































1 


1 
















50 
51 
52 
53 
54 


4 
2 
10 
10 
25 


86.5 
63.0 
66.4 
74.8 
69.4 


1 


2 


1 

3 
2 


4 

1 
9 


1 
1 
1 
9 


1 
1 


1 

1 
2 


2 


1 




1 

1 
1 


2 








1 


1 
























1 
1 














55 
56 
57 
68 
69 


35 
39 
64 
68 
86 


70.6 
76.3 
81.4 
83.9 
86.9 




1 


1 


8 
1 

1 


6 
4 
3 
2 


10 
9 
9 

8 
4 


9 
11 
19 
15 
U 


1 
6 
16 
14 
18 


1 
4 
5 
13 
17 


1 
6 
7 
14 


2 
3 
13 


2 
4 
7 


1 
1 


1 
1 




1 
















































60 
61 
62 
63 
64 


86 
106 
68 
46 
28 


92.0 
96.5 
100.4 
104.4 
105.0 












1 


10 
4 
1 
1 


13 
14 
3 

1 


20 
11 
9 
3 
1 


11 
16 
8 
4 
3 


12 
21 
15 
11 
4 


6 
18 
5 

4 
7 


5 
12 

4 
8 
4 


2 
3 

i 
6 
1 


1 
3 
4 
5 
1 


2 
1 
2 

4 


1 
2 

1 


1 

1 
1 


1 
1 
1 


1 


1 


1 






































65 
66 
67 


18 
7 
2 


113. 8 
115.7 
125.0 




















2 


1 
1 


1 


4 

1 


2 


2 
2 


3 
2 

1 


1 


1 
1 
1 






1 






































OS 
69 


2 


95! 












^ 








1 




1 




















1 


























70 






i I 































































































































































Constants of height and weight tor 13-year-old children. 





Height (inches). 


Weight (pounds). 


Correlation 
ratio (,). 


Coefficient of 

correlation 

(r). 


Regres- 


Sex. 


Mean. 


Standard 
deviation. 


Mean. 


Standard 
deviation. 


weiKht 
height. 




58.0 
59.3 


2.93±0.054 
3.16± .057 


85.1 
89.7 


12.&4±0.235 
16.41± .297 


0. 72O±0. 0125 
.707± .0128 


0.68r±0.0137 
.609± .0141 













109764'— 22. (Face p. 3«.) No. 8 















1 

§ 
o 

5" 

•s 

C3 
a 

G 

G 

3 

o 

o 

u 






1 








1 








1 




















1 




































1 




69I-S9I 1 






- 


WT-09T 




- "■^ 




6St-^I 1 






wi-oei 1 




-- 


ett-et-x 1 


■* 




- ^ 


H'l-WT 


to 


^ ^ 


eei-cei | 


N 




- --H 


f«i-oei 1 


o 


-H ^(N «-H 


6ST-SST 


■^f 


W -^ l-H CO 


- -H 


f-SX-OST 


lO 


— IrHCOW^ IMiOrt 


6XX-SXX 1 


c^ 
N 


•o m ■* Oi t^ 


^^^^ 


txx-oxx 1 


00 


^_H iO-«<io«00 


ecN 


60X-S0X 1 


g 


<0 10»0?0'^ IC 00 


fOX-OOX 




NO OOTt^cDCOCl COCflC^ 


66-56 1 




Tt<iO t^^OCNffi ■* -H 


»6-06 1 


fe 


C^ 05 


0(MM l> 




68-S8 j 


g 


00 t~ 


CO t^ CO CO 1^ 


-^ 


»8-08 1 


s 


i^to 


t^co^o.-i 


- 


6i-«i 


?? 


eot^ -^N 


M-^l 


?5 


^5M 1 <N 


69-«9 1 


?) 


1 


W-09 1 


\n 




6e-?s 










»?-09 










6?-e^ 










^fH)^ 










6e-ee 


'- 








^-OE 


- 










lit 




t^to 


lO CO ''f* Th h- 


tP CO "^ O O 


> ^§ 


gfeS|2 


ot^co^or-; 

^ ^ ,-t w CI 


3 

c 


Hi 


^ 


; ImS 


r^St^toS 


-HCO»C^^ 
CO^ 


.2 « 2 


^1 
< 

i_ 


^ ISS 


OCDCCCO CO 


c5co<D<C'cor^t~-t^ 





1 






.!, V- *J _• 1 




Regre 
siono 
weigh 

on 
height 








tPO 










^± O 


oo 




d 
-H-H 


'iS^ 


lO M 


8s 


d * 






9 • 






2 ^ 


oo 


i^ 


d ■ 


1 rS o 


-H-H 


Corr 
rati 


tD(N 




00 CO 


d ■ 


^ 


^fl ' 


coco 








o 


03^ 


-H-+1 

IM lO 


J3 

'55 














-*co 


^ 


•sg 


g8 








5 


1? 


-H-H 


'■i 




MIM 








•?n 












B 








w 




O-H 








S 




k' 
















03 










;-i 






eq 


o 





i 



3 % 



% r 



Table XXX. — Correlation between heights and weights of native white school children in Maryland. Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. 

471 14-YEAK OLD BOYS. 



Height, 
nearest 
inch. 



Total 
number 
of chil- 
dren. 



weight 
at each 
height. 



Number of children in each S-poimd weight group. 



^ i 



92,6 
97.3 
103.0 
107.9 
106. 



117.2 
121.5 
117.1 
122.8 
124.0 
143.0 

137.5 



628 14-YEAR OLD GIRLS. 





Height, 
nearest 
inch. 


Total 
number 
of chil- 
dren. 


Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 


Nxunber of ctiildren in each 5-pound weight group. 






! 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


! 


1 


1 


1 


1 


II 


1 


i 


s 

i 


3 


A 


i 


s 


i 




3 
i 


3 


i 


i 


i 


s 

3 










! 


1 












All 
heights. 


528 


09.4 












1 


3 


4 


18 


25 


39 


60 


45 


86 


72 


47 


39 


36 


20 


11 


8 


3 


2 


2 


3 




3 


1 


























36 
37 
38 
39 


1 


90.0 


























1 
























































40 
41 
42 
43 
44 










































j 














1 






















45 
46 

47 
48 
49 


1 


56.0 












1 












i 






















1 




1 


1 
1 


















50 
51 
52 
63 
54 


1 

1 

5 


85.0 
60.0 

71.4 














1 

1 


1 


2 






1 
1 










1 










1 








1 




















55 
56 


11 
11 


74.1 
85.5 














1 


1 


4 

1 


3 1 1 
3 3 


1 


1 


1 


1 




1 




































' 


3 


7 ' C 


7 




5 


6 


6 


1 




' 


















i 








60 
61 
62 
03 
64 


77 
71 
79 
68 
51 


96.5 
97.3 
102.4 
107.4 
112.7 


















2 


2 6 
5 

1 1 


13 
7 

13 
3 

1 


11) 
12 
2 
7 


17 
14 
IS 
12 
9 


8 
14 
16 
8 
9 

3 
2 
2 


5 
5 
6 
11 


5 5 

4 3 

5 4 

8 1 9 
8 7 


1 
3 
3 
4 


4 
1 
3 


1 

1 
2 


1 

1 

1 


1 


1 
1 


I 
1 




1 

I 
1 


1 




' 1 














6.5 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 
71 
72 


31 
13 

1 
I 


110.4 
117.6 
113.4 
115 
127.0 























1 


1 




4 
1 


8 


3 > 5 

2 1 1 

I 1 

i ' 


2 

5 
1 


1 
1 


3 

1 




1 




1 










1 
i 1 



















Constants of height and weight for 14-yesr-ald children. 





Height (inches). 


Weight (pounds). 


Correlation 
ratio (,). 


Coefficient of 

correlation 

(r). 


Regres- 




Mean. 


Standard 
deviation. 


Mean. 


Standard 
deviaUon. 


wcight 
height. 




6a3 
61.1 


3.83±a084 
2.9»± .062 


95.4 
99.4 


17.52±a385 
14.75± .306 


asi6±a01M 
.6921 .0153 


a795±aoii4 

.»43± .0172 


3.66 


Oliis.. 







109764*— 23. (Facep. 3«.) No.» 



5 



^5 



-9 





L 








1 


p. 

§ 
1 

s 

[S 
73 

C 

§ 
C 

c 
2 
•a 

1 
o 

(U 

z 


1 


1 








1 














1 






- 
















1 










1 






1 












6iI-SiT 






fil-Oil 








691-S9T 






- 




1-9I-09I 








esT-eei 


I 


" - 1 


WT-OST 


1 


-- 


ei'X-si^T 


00 






WT-Otl 


. 




eei-eei 


00 




rf^ 




t£T-0£T 


3 




COrf-H 




6sx-^e;i 


o 




CO.-ICO— (M 




KKM-H 


f-SI-OST 




i 


j-l-H)N 


6XT-^II 


« 1 


COCOC^l -1 


tll-OTT 


(N 






-^MCl 




60I-S0T 


CO 






K)X-OOT 






<N CO 




Ci—I -- 


66-S6 


S 








^-06 


2 




1" 




68-58 


in 




1 




t8-08 


« 




1 




6i-ei 


;^ 


— 








n-OL 


lO 


1 1 




69-59 


CO 




1 


1 


?'9-09 


- 








65-55 


- 




1 1 


?'5-05 




1 




6^^X' 






1 


1 


tt-ot 


- 


- 


115. 7 
114.5 
124.3 
135.0 
125.0 




Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 

108.4 


5 


^r^co-wca 




Total 
number 
of chil- 
dren. 


00 

?5 


1 


tOO!00» 




IN 


j3 


Oj-C^ 















..^^ . 1 


«g 


! 


Regre 

sion 

weigh 

on 

height 


^^ 1 






«- 


00 CO 




= 










.§1^ 


41 -H 


Sfc^ 


?3c5 


S8 




o" 


o 




0(N 


S . 






o^ 


OO 




o • 


-H-H 


coco 




o 








^ 


•Sc 




•a 

o 

ft 




=5 • 
-H-H 


Xi 










"5 


g 


■>j>o 


« 




s 


^^ 






OOl 


. 


"So 










1 


5 ^ 


d 
+I-H 

iCOJ 


.s 


ooo 




CO<M 


■*-» 






•a 






c 


05 10 






w 












s 




y. 
















CO 










o.a 1 






C£ 


c 


1 









5< 



Table XXXl.—Conelation between heights and weights of native white school children in Maryland. Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina 

278 15-YEAR OLD BOYS. 










































































































Number of cliildren 


n each 5-pound weight group, | 


Height, 
nearest 


Total 
number 
of chil- 


Mean 
weight 
at each 




















1 


























s 


n 


3 


s 


S 


s 


S 


s 


? 


" 


s 


S 


s 


g 


s 


s 












~r 


' 1 




— 




dren. 


height. 


1 


1 


1 


I 


1 


1 


1 




1 


1 


1 


1 


i 


i 


'i 


J> 


i 


^ 


i 


i 


i 


^ 


i 


^ 


s 


i 


k 


[t 


— 


— 


- 


— 


— 


— 













AU 




























































heights. 


278 


108.4 


1 






1 


1 


3 


5 


11 


13 


15 


16 


26 


25 


35 


21 


22 


zt 


16 


14 


8 


9 


8 


5 


1 




















i 










42 


1 


42.0 


1 




! 




































































~ 


43 


















































































44 


















































































45 


















































































46 


















































































47 


















































































48 


















































































49 












































1 




































50 


















































































51 


1 


55.0 








1 






































































52 


















































































53 


















































































54 


2 


66.0 










1 




1 
































































55 


4 


70.5 










2 


r 


1 




























































56 


10 


79.6 












2 


4 


3 




1 






















































57 


G 


80.0 










1 




1 


2 


2 










































] 














58 


8 


80.4 














1 


3 


2 


1 


1 
























































69 


12 


89.7 
















2 


1 


2 


3 


3 




1 


















































60 


24 


95.5 


















3 


3 


3 


10 


2 


2 


1 
















































61 


30 


99.7 


















2 


.■> 


4 


5 


5 


.') 


2 




1 












1 
































62 


26 


106.5 






















3 


2 


5 


V 


3 


4 


1 


1 










































63 


25 


105.8 




















1 


1 


4 


V 


5 


1 


4 










































1 1 


64 


30 


112.8 




















1 




1 


2 


9 


6 


5 


6 




1 




































1 1 


65 


31 


119.7 
























1 


2 


3 


6 


4 


6 


3 


2 


3 


1 


1 














j 


















66 


20 


124.4 


























1 


2 


1 


3 


3 


3 


3 


1 


2 


1 


































67 


20 


129.4 


























1 




2 


2 


2 


4 


3 




2 


1 


3 
































68 


16 


133,0 


































1 


5 






1 




































69 


6 


130.3 




























1 






1 




1 


1 


1 


1 


































70 


5 


138.2 






























1 




1 




1 


1 


1 




















1 










71 
















































































72 

1 


2 


148.0 






1 


































1 






1 































331 15-YEAE OLD GIBLS. 





Height, 
nearest 
inch. 


Total 
number 
of chil- 
dren. 


Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 


Number of children in each 5-pound weight group. 




1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


S 


i 


1 


1 


1 


s 

i 


s 

i 


S 


i 


a 


?! 

i 


3 


3 


3 

i 


I 


3 

i 


S3 
S 


3 


S 

i 


1 


3 




— 




— 




— 


— 


- 


- 


- 




All 
heights. 


331 


107.6 






i 






1 


1 

5 1 14 


22 


22 


40 


48 


39 


38 


33 


20 


20 


11 


6 


3 


3 


2 


1 


1 


1 




1 






42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 


















































































50 
61 
52 
53 
64 


1 


157.0 








































1 




























55 
56 
57 
68 
59 


3 
3 
4 
10 
17 


101.7 
85.7 
96.0 
90.6 
92.9 




1 






1 


1 

1 

1 


3 
3 


1 
1 

5 


2 


3 
1 
2 


3 

4 


1 
1 

1 


1 


1 
















































60 
61 
62 
63 
64 


33 
35 
69 
53 
45 


101.6 
99.9 
107.6 
107.1 
113.6 






! i 2 

i M 


4 
2 
1 

1 


5 
5 
2 

1 
1 


3 
2 

5 
7 

1 


4 
11 
10 

5 


5 
3 
10 
9 
9 


1 
4 
9 
8 
9 


2 
5 
9 
8 
1 




2 
1 
6 
1 
4 


1 

1 

2 
6 


1 

3 
2 


1 ! 1 

1 : 1 
1 
1 j 1 


1 




1 
1 


1 




1 
























65 
06 
67 
68 
69 


17 
13 

2 


lit 5 
124.3 
13.5. 
125.0 




1 


1 1 
i i 






■ 




3 


2 

2 


3 


2 


3 

2 
1 


3 3 

3 1 

1 
2 


■ 


1 
1 


I 


1 






















70 
71 

72 




99.0 








1 












1 1 














1 

































Constants of height and weight for 15-year-old children. 





Height (inches). 


Weight (pounds). 


Correlation 
ratio (ij). 


Coefficient of 

correlation 

(r). 


Regres- 
sion of 
weight 

height. 


Se.x. 


Mean. 


Standard 
deviation. 


Mean. 


Standard 
deviation. 




62.9 
62.5 


3.85±0. 110 
2.62± .069 


108.4 
107.6 


20.46±0,6S5 
16,3S± .429 


0.853±0.0110 
.543± .0262 


0,842±0,0118 
.427± .0303 




oiri;::::: 









1764°— 22. (Face p. 36.) No. 10 



Number of children in each 5-pound weight group. 




1 




















1 


1 






I 




















661-561 


r 




(•61-061 1 










681-581 1 








f8I-08I 








6il-5il 1 








tLl-OLl 1 


1 




691-591 1 




1-9I-09I 1 




1 


6ei-ssi 1 




1 


KT-OSI 1 


- 








6n-9n 1 








nx-cn 1 


CD 


i 




6ST-fi8I 1 


2 ! 






»ei-OEi 1 


2 






6ZI-SSI 1 


00 j 






^SI-OZT 


2 






6TT-sn 1 


N 




m-OTT 


.^ 






1 


60T-eOT 1 


to 


1 




1 


wt-ooi 1 


o 




! 


66-56 


f- 






t-6-06 1 


lO 




68-58 1 


■o 




f8-08 


■^ 




1 




6i-5i 


- 


I 






H-OL 








69-59 


- 








t9-09 






1 




65-55 






1 




*S-05 






1 




6?-S^ 










Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 










Total 
number 
of chil- 
dren. 


to 








1^1 •« 


Si 

^1 


1^ 







So 

fee 








m 


52 

d ■ 
-H-H 


§2 


oo 
d ■ 
-H-H 

d • 


I 




5;?3 

to-o 
d ■ 
-H-H 


1 


C^cO 
dco 


1 

1 


II 


Si 

d ■ 
-W-H 

c4c4 


S 


toco 




03 


> 

c 


C 





o 











i |ilf 





Table XXXll. —Correlation between heights and weights of native white school children in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. 

161 16-YEAR OLD BOYS. 



Height, 
nearest 
inch. 


Total 
number 
of chil- 
dren. 


Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 


Number of children in each 5-pound weight group. 1 




1 


1 


S 


1 


s 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 




3 

i 


i 


3 


i 


i 


i 


i 




i 


s 
X 


i 


s 

1 


I 


s 

i 


2 


3 




i 


1 


§ 
g 










i 

! 






AU 
heights 


161 


116.7 










1 




1 


4 


5 


5 


7 


16 


16 


14 


21 


12 


18 


16 


16 


6 


' 


1 












1 
























47 
4S 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 




















































































55 
56 
57 
SS 
59 


1 

1 
5 
1 


103.0 

79.0 
83.0 
85.0 










1 




1 


2 


1 
1 




1 


























































60 
61 
62 
63 
64 


9 
11 

8 
12 
22 


103.2 
98.0 
104.9 
1M.8 
116.9 
















1 

1 


1 
1 

1 


2 
1 
1 
1 


4 

1 


1 
5 
3 
2 
3 


2 

1 
2 
3 


1 

3 
2 


1 

2 
6 


1 
1 


1 
1 
1 


2 


2 


1 








































65 
66 
67 
68 
69 


26 
18 
18 
19 

7 


117.0 
124.3 
123.6 
137.2 
131.1 






















1 


1 


6 
1 
1 


2 
1 


2 

5 


2 
3 
2 
3 


5 
3 

1 
1 


1 
2 
3 
4 
3 


1 
3 
3 

5 

1 


4 


1 


1 












1 
























70 
71 
72 


2 
1 


13S.0 
130.0 




































1 


1 


1 












































































































^^. 






i. 


^ 


J 


J 


J 





219 16-YEAR OLD GIRLS. 





Height, 
nearest 
inch. 


Total 
number 
of chil- 
dren. 


Mean 
weight 
at each 
height. 


Number of children in each 5-pound weight group. 




1 


1 


1 


1 


I 


s 


5 


I 


1 


1 


1 


s 


S 

i 


s 


s 


i 




s 

i 




1 


1 


i 




i 


s 

i 


s 


2 


i 


i 


i 


i 








1 




All 
heights. 


219 


113.6 


1 












1 


2 


6 


7 


15 


24 


35 


35 


27 


19 


22 


10 


5 


1 


1 


2 


2 


1 


1 








1 




1 








1 




47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 


1 


45.0 


1 














































































55 
53 
57 
58 
59 


1 
1 
1 
6 


77.0 
88.0 
82.0 
97.8 














1. 


1 


1 
2 




2 




1 


1 






































— 


— 








I 




60 
61 
62 
63 
64 


18 
12 
37 
40 
33 


104.4 
102.0 
113.3 
111.6 
113.6 
















1 


2 


1 
2 
1 
3 


3 

4 
2 
3 


3 
2 
6 
6 
4 


6 
4 
1 

10 
6 


1 
1 
9 
6 



1 

8 
3 
5 


1 
1 

1 
3 
2 


1 

3 
1 

4 


1 

4 
2 


2 
2 




1 


1 
































05 ' 35 
03 i 17 

07 1 9 

08 : 8 

69 1 


118.6 
125.0 
126.6 
133.4 






















1 


1 
2 


4 
3 

1 


9 

1 

1 


6 
4 


5 
3 

2 
1 


6 

5 
2 


1 
1 
1 


1 


1 




1 1 


1 


1 








1 




1 


















71 
72 


1 




























































— 


- 








/ 












i 



























































































■ 


■ ■ 





— 













" 





















































Constants of height and weight (or 16-year-old children. 





Height (inches). 


Weight (pounds). 


Correlation 
ratio (nj. 


Coef&cieDt of 

correlation 

(r). 


Regres- 
sion of 


Sex. 


Mean. 


Standard 
de%Tation. 


Mean. 


Standard 
deviation. 


weight 
heigh.. 




64.6 
63.3 


2. 99±0. 112 
2.50± .081 


116.7 
113.6 


17. 12±0. 644 
16.24± .523 


0.7S4±0.0205 
.592± .0296 


0. 736±0. 0244 
.o65± .0310 


4.24 


Girls 





109764*— 22. (Face p. 36.) No. II 



o 



